Python中pip安装源、pip config命令以及安装包位置等问题详解

永久性添加pip安装源

pip config set global.index-url --site https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

可得到如下结果：

可见，配置信息被写入pip.ini文件中，而此pip.ini被存放在python安装路径下。
打开该配置文件，可见：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

显然，与配置参数中的 golbal.index-url 对应。(此处已经有一个之前设置的global）

查看pip文件的存储位置有

pip -v config list

可见：

即，除了“site”对应的目录，还有其他目录可能存放pip配置文件。

查看pip config 的配置方法

pip config -help

可见，下面的 [< file-option >] 参数，即为 –global 、–user 、–site，对应上面不同的目录。而–user是默认位置。

Usage:
  pip config [<file-option>] list
  pip config [<file-option>] [--editor <editor-path>] edit

  pip config [<file-option>] get name
  pip config [<file-option>] set name value
  pip config [<file-option>] unset name
  pip config [<file-option>] debug


Description:
  Manage local and global configuration.

  Subcommands:

  - list: List the active configuration (or from the file specified)
  - edit: Edit the configuration file in an editor
  - get: Get the value associated with name
  - set: Set the name=value
  - unset: Unset the value associated with name
  - debug: List the configuration files and values defined under them

  If none of --user, --global and --site are passed, a virtual
  environment configuration file is used if one is active and the file
  exists. Otherwise, all modifications happen on the to the user file by
  default.

Config Options:
  --editor <editor>           Editor to use to edit the file. Uses VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables if not provided.
  --global                    Use the system-wide configuration file only
  --user                      Use the user configuration file only
  --site                      Use the current environment configuration file only

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

删除配置信息

pip config --user unset site.index-url
pip config --user globalsite.index-url

把别处添加的源删除

查看pip下载的安装包的默认路径

python -m site

得见：

其中USER_BASE 和USER_SITE即为pip下载的安装包位置，此时目录还不存在。

查看如何修改安装位置

python -m site -help

得见：

所以，去 D:\Program Files\Python39\lib\site.py 修改配置信息，
将：

修改为自建目录：

其中
USER_SITE用于存放执行所下载的安装包所需要的脚本或程序
USER_BASE为安装包的下载位置