解决Python安装cx_Oracle失败的问题

1、问题背景：在本地机安装失败，但在服务器上安装成功；

2、环境对比：两个机器的python版本不一致；

报错如下：

PS C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\***\****> pip install cx_Oracle                     
Collecting cx_Oracle
  Using cached cx_Oracle-8.3.0.tar.gz (363 kB)
  Installing build dependencies … done
  Getting requirements to build wheel … done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) … done
Building wheels for collected packages: cx_Oracle
  Building wheel for cx_Oracle (pyproject.toml) … error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for cx_Oracle (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [8 lines of output]
      <string>:6: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
      C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ln3m6cfk\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\config\expand.py:132: SetuptoolsWarning: File 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\App
Data\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-2wg9p419\\cx-oracle_98b8bf5eb5fa4484a6701af7d917a7e2\\README.md' cannot be found
        return '\n'.join(
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_ext
      building 'cx_Oracle' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for cx_Oracle
Failed to build cx_Oracle
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cx_Oracle, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.1.2 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install –upgrade pip
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\bayonetProjectApi\bayonetProjectApi> 
 

解决方案：

1、进入cx-Oracle · Pyshou 手动去下载whl依赖，发现没有自己的python对于的文件（原因：可能自己安装的版本过高，导致依赖文件没有，所以失败）；

2、重新安装和服务器上一致的python版本(3.7.9)；

3、再次执行：pip3 install cx_Oracle ；

4、【如未遇到则忽略此步骤】报错：WARNING: You are using pip version 20.1.1; however, version 23.2.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'd:\warfile\python\python.exe -m pip install –upgrade pip' command（解决办法，执行：python -m pip install -U –force-reinstall pip）；

5、再次执行：pip3 install cx_Oracle；

6、成功；