代码收藏家技术教程 2024-01-23

深入了解STM32模块系列

前言

手上正好有TCS3472模块，也正好想在加深一下自己对I2C协议的理解和应用，所以就写了这个代码库出来。参考的资料主要来源于TCS3472的数据手册，和arduino中MH_TCS3472库的宏定义，和函数名称，我就没有重新命名，方便大家理解和使用修改之类的。

环境

开发板：STM32C6T6最小系统板

案例的代码环境：Keil5+STM32CubeMX生成的HAL库，OLED(4P)+TCS3472

案例接线：TCS3472模块的VIN接到ST-LINK的5V，OLED模块VCC接3.3V。TCS3472和OLED的SDA接到PB9，SCL接到PB8。TCS3472模块的LED引脚接PA3(闪烁)或GND都行，不接的话LED的会一直亮，导致RGB值与透明度计算后大于256的。

注意：假如TCS3472模块的VIN接到板载的3.3V的话，可能会发生供电不足的情况。

特点

下述介绍参考数据手册

支持I2C协议快速模式，接口数据传输速率高达 400 kbit/s

TCS3472提供红、绿、蓝(RGB)和透明光©感应值的16位数字量的返回。

红、绿、蓝（RGB）和透明光。带红外屏蔽滤光片的感应器。可编程模拟增益和积分时间。3,800,000:1。动态范围灵敏度极高-非常适合在暗玻璃后操作。

外置可编程中断引脚，启用可屏蔽中断当超出预设值时，系统会发出电平式中断可编程上下限阈值，带持久性过滤器，从而减少MCU的开销

有着电源管理，低功耗-2.5μA 休眠状态65μA等待状态，可编程等待状态时间从2.4ms 至>7 秒

代码

代码方面除了CubeMX生成的工程框架外，还导入了OLED(4P)，自制了MyI2C，TCS34725库，假如其它项目要用到的话注意也要导入这几个库。下面仅展示TCS34725库，完整工程文件会放在文章末尾的

TCS34725.H

#ifndef __TCS34725_H__
#define __TCS34725_H__

#define TCS34725_ADDRESS          (0x52)		// 八位地址
#define TCS34725_ADDRESS_7bit     (0x29)		// 七位地址

#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT      (0x80)

#define TCS34725_ENABLE           (0x00)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN      (0x10)    ///< RGBC Interrupt Enable 
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN       (0x08)    ///< Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer 
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN       (0x02)    ///< RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it 
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON       (0x01)    ///< Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it 
#define TCS34725_ATIME            (0x01)    ///< Integration time 
#define TCS34725_WTIME            (0x03)    ///< Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) 
#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS      (0xFF)    ///< WLONG0 = 2.4ms   WLONG1 = 0.029s 
#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS      (0xAB)    ///< WLONG0 = 204ms   WLONG1 = 2.45s  
#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS      (0x00)    ///< WLONG0 = 614ms   WLONG1 = 7.4s   
#define TCS34725_AILTL            (0x04)    ///< Clear channel lower interrupt threshold 
#define TCS34725_AILTH            (0x05)
#define TCS34725_AIHTL            (0x06)    ///< Clear channel upper interrupt threshold 
#define TCS34725_AIHTH            (0x07)
#define TCS34725_PERS             (0x0C)    ///< Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts 
#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE        (0b0000)  ///< Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt                                
#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE     (0b0001)  ///< 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt   
#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE     (0b0010)  ///< 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  
#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE     (0b0011)  ///< 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  
#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE     (0b0100)  ///< 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  
#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE    (0b0101)  ///< 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE    (0b0110)  ///< 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE    (0b0111)  ///< 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE    (0b1000)  ///< 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE    (0b1001)  ///< 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE    (0b1010)  ///< 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE    (0b1011)  ///< 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE    (0b1100)  ///< 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE    (0b1101)  ///< 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE    (0b1110)  ///< 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE    (0b1111)  ///< 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt 
#define TCS34725_CONFIG           (0x0D)
#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG     (0x02)    ///< Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME 
#define TCS34725_CONTROL          (0x0F)    ///< Set the gain level for the sensor 
#define TCS34725_ID               (0x12)    ///< 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 
#define TCS34725_STATUS           (0x13)
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT      (0x10)    ///< RGBC Clean channel interrupt 
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID    (0x01)    ///< Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle 
#define TCS34725_CDATAL           (0x14)    ///< Clear channel data 
#define TCS34725_CDATAH           (0x15)
#define TCS34725_RDATAL           (0x16)    ///< Red channel data 
#define TCS34725_RDATAH           (0x17)
#define TCS34725_GDATAL           (0x18)    ///< Green channel data 
#define TCS34725_GDATAH           (0x19)
#define TCS34725_BDATAL           (0x1A)    ///< Blue channel data 
#define TCS34725_BDATAH           (0x1B)

typedef enum
{
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS  = 0xFF,   ///<  2.4ms - 1 cycle    - Max Count: 1024  
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS   = 0xF6,   ///<  24ms  - 10 cycles  - Max Count: 10240 
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS   = 0xEB,   ///<  50ms  - 20 cycles  - Max Count: 20480 
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS  = 0xD5,   ///<  101ms - 42 cycles  - Max Count: 43008 
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS  = 0xC0,   ///<  154ms - 64 cycles  - Max Count: 65535 
  TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS  = 0x00    ///<  700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 
}
tcs34725IntegrationTime_t;

typedef enum
{
  TCS34725_GAIN_1X                = 0x00,   ///<  No gain  
  TCS34725_GAIN_4X                = 0x01,   ///<  4x gain  
  TCS34725_GAIN_16X               = 0x02,   ///<  16x gain 
  TCS34725_GAIN_60X               = 0x03    ///<  60x gain 
}
tcs34725Gain_t;

typedef unsigned          char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short     int uint16_t;
typedef unsigned           int uint32_t;


/*****	底层函数	 *****/
void TCS34725_WriteReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t data);
uint8_t TCS34725_ReadReg(uint8_t reg);

/*****	功能函数	 *****/
void TCS34725_Init(void);						// 初始化TCS34725配置
void TCS34725_enable(void);					// 使能器件
void TCS34725_lock(void);						// 使能TCS34725内部中断
uint8_t TCS34725_getID(void);			// 获取器件ID
uint8_t TCS34725_getStatus(void);	// 获取TCS34725状态
void TCS34725_setGain(tcs34725Gain_t gain);		// 设置增益
void TCS34725_setIntegrationTime(tcs34725IntegrationTime_t time);		// 设置时间增益
void TCS34725_getRGBC(uint16_t *r, uint16_t *g, uint16_t *b, uint16_t *c);		// 获取TCS34725的颜色反馈


#endif

TCS34725.C

#include "TCS34725.h"
#include "MyI2C.h"

/**
 * @描述:基于TCS34725 写寄存器 ID-地址-数据
 */
void TCS34725_WriteReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t data)
{
	MyI2C_Start();					
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_ADDRESS);			
  MyI2C_ReceiveAck();	
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT | reg);		
  MyI2C_ReceiveAck();			
	MyI2C_SendByte(data);
	MyI2C_ReceiveAck();
  MyI2C_Stop();						
}

/**
 * @描述:基于TCS34725 读寄存器 ID-地址-数据
 */
uint8_t TCS34725_ReadReg(uint8_t reg)
{
	uint8_t reData = 0;
	MyI2C_Start();					
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_ADDRESS);		
	MyI2C_ReceiveAck();	
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT | reg);			
  MyI2C_ReceiveAck();
	
	MyI2C_Start();	// 666
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_ADDRESS | 0x01);		
	MyI2C_ReceiveAck();	
	reData = MyI2C_ReceiveByte();
	MyI2C_SendAck(1);
	
	MyI2C_Stop();		
  return reData;
}


/**
* @描述:初始化TCS34725配置
*/
void TCS34725_Init()
{
	TCS34725_setIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS);
	TCS34725_setGain(TCS34725_GAIN_1X);
	TCS34725_enable();
}

/**
* @描述:TCS34725毫秒级延时
*/
void TCS34725_DelayMs(uint16_t ms)
{
	char i;
	for(i = 0;i < ms;i++)
	{
		MyI2C_DelayUs(1000);
	}
	
}

/**
* @描述:设置时间增益
*/
void TCS34725_setIntegrationTime(tcs34725IntegrationTime_t time)
{
  // 更新时序寄存器
	TCS34725_WriteReg(TCS34725_ATIME,time);
}

/**
* @描述:设置增益
*/
void TCS34725_setGain(tcs34725Gain_t gain)
{
	// 设置增益
	TCS34725_WriteReg(TCS34725_CONTROL,gain);

}

/**
* @描述:使能器件
*/
void TCS34725_enable(void)
{
	// 开启内部振荡器--启动
	TCS34725_WriteReg(TCS34725_ENABLE,TCS34725_ENABLE_PON);
  TCS34725_DelayMs(3);
	// 启动ADC
	TCS34725_WriteReg(TCS34725_ENABLE,TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN);
}

/**
* @描述:读取TCS34725指定寄存器
*/
uint16_t TCS34725_readRegWord(uint8_t reg)
{
  uint16_t h = 0x0000;		// 高八位
	uint16_t l = 0x0000;		// 低八位
	
	MyI2C_Start();															// I2C开始条件
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_ADDRESS);						// I2C发送字节
  MyI2C_ReceiveAck();													// I2C接收应答
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT | reg | 0x20);	// I2C发送字节
	MyI2C_ReceiveAck();													// I2C接收应答
	
  MyI2C_Start();	// 666
	MyI2C_SendByte(TCS34725_ADDRESS | 0x01);		
	MyI2C_ReceiveAck();	

  h = MyI2C_ReceiveByte();			// I2C接收字节
	MyI2C_SendAck(0);							// I2C发送应答
	l = MyI2C_ReceiveByte();			// I2C接收字节
	MyI2C_SendAck(1);							// I2C发送应答
	MyI2C_Stop();									// I2C结束条件
	
  h <<= 8;
  h |= l;
  return h;
}

/**
* @描述:获取TCS34725的颜色反馈
*/
void TCS34725_getRGBC(uint16_t *r, uint16_t *g, uint16_t *b, uint16_t *c)
{

  *c = TCS34725_readRegWord(TCS34725_CDATAL);
  *r = TCS34725_readRegWord(TCS34725_RDATAL);
  *g = TCS34725_readRegWord(TCS34725_GDATAL);
  *b = TCS34725_readRegWord(TCS34725_BDATAL);
  
  // 给定一定的采集后延时
	TCS34725_DelayMs(100);
}

/**
* @描述:使能TCS34725内部中断
*/
void TCS34725_lock()
{
	uint8_t r = TCS34725_ReadReg(TCS34725_ENABLE);
	r |= TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN;
	TCS34725_WriteReg(TCS34725_ENABLE, r);
}

/**
* @描述:获取器件ID
* @返回:0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 
*/
uint8_t TCS34725_getID()
{
	return TCS34725_ReadReg(TCS34725_ID);
}

/**
* @描述:获取TCS34725状态
* @返回:返回该寄存器数值
*/
uint8_t TCS34725_getStatus()
{
	return TCS34725_ReadReg(TCS34725_STATUS);
}

现象

下面为代码现象。OLED上显示的分别是，ID，8位R，8位G，8位B，16位C的值，可以看出来，测出的结果跟我设定的结果还差一点，不过能测量出个大概，比如偏红色啊，偏蓝色啊。当然可能也是我的参数没配置好，大家想要更高精度的话，就要关注TCS34725_Init()里面的时间增益，和数值增益了。