代码收藏家 【ESP8266物联网天气时钟】解决NA问题：新版和风天气API与gzip数据解压
目录
1. 前言
前几天想要找一个开源项目做一下，然后一番搜索后找到了太极创客在B站发布的一个物联网小项目制作：“物联网天气时钟粉丝数显示oled小电视”。
这个项目主要用到的资源就是一块 ESP01S 和一块四脚的0.96寸 OLED 屏幕，正好手头也有，就打算复刻下这个项目，原项目的开源地址如下：
https://gitee.com/taijichuangke/bilibili_weather_clock
2. 遇到的问题以及解决思路
2.1 遇到的问题
该项目的最终效果是在第一页显示当前时间、粉丝数；第二页显示的是当前天气；第三页显示的是未来三天的天气预报。但是经过测试后，发现只有第一页是能够正常显示的，二、三页的天气数据一直显示NA或者null。通过串口监视器发现访问B站的返回json数据解析是正确的，但是从和风天气返回的json数据就开始出错。
2.2 解决思路
经过代码分析以及网上搜索资料后发现，这个项目是2020年发布的，当时使用的和风天气API还是s6版本的，在项目的 Esp8266_Clock_Weather 文件夹里面的 HeFeng.cpp 文件中获取当前天气以及获取预测天气函数中的访问URL如下：
//HeFeng.cpp文件中doUpdateCurr函数里的原本的访问URL，已不可用
String url = "https://free-api.heweather.net/s6/weather/now?lang=en&location=" + location + "&key=" + key;
//HeFeng.cpp文件中doUpdateFore函数里的原本的访问URL，已不可用
String url = "https://free-api.heweather.net/s6/weather/forecast?lang=en&location=" + location + "&key=" + key;
如今和风天气使用的是v7版本，访问域名也发生了变化，并且自2022年3月之后，和风天气的返回数据强制进行了Gzip压缩。后来看到B站的另一个up主详细讲解了复刻太极创客这个物联网时钟的一个视频：OELD+ESP8266 时钟天气显示小电视 制作教程!!(超细致)(太极创客开源项目)。
在该视频中也提到了解决二三页出现NA的问题，解决的博主是konger123，其更改后的 HeFeng.cpp 文件地址如下：
https://gitee.com/konger123/bilibili_weather_clock/blob/master/bilibili_clock_weather/HeFeng.cpp
该博主对原 HeFeng.cpp 文件中的 doUpdateCur、doUpdateFore 、getMeteoconIcon函数进行了更新。其中 getMeteoconIcon函数是没有任何问题的，主要就是对天气图标代码进行了更新，可以直接拿来使用，更新后的 getMeteoconIcon函数内容如下：
String HeFeng::getMeteoconIcon(String cond_code) { //获取天气图标 见 https://dev.qweather.com/docs/start/icons/
if (cond_code == "100" || cond_code == "150" || cond_code == "9006") {//晴 Sunny/Clear
return "B";
}
if (cond_code == "101") {//多云 Cloudy
return "Y";
}
if (cond_code == "102") {//少云 Few Clouds
return "N";
}
if (cond_code == "103" || cond_code == "153") {//晴间多云 Partly Cloudy/
return "H";
}
if (cond_code == "104" || cond_code == "154") {//阴 Overcast
return "D";
}
if (cond_code == "300" || cond_code == "301") {//阵雨 Shower Rain 301-强阵雨 Heavy Shower Rain
return "T";
}
if (cond_code == "302" || cond_code == "303") {//302-雷阵雨 Thundershower / 303-强雷阵雨
return "P";
}
if (cond_code == "304" || cond_code == "313" || cond_code == "404" || cond_code == "405" || cond_code == "406") {
//304-雷阵雨伴有冰雹 Freezing Rain
//313-冻雨 Freezing Rain
//404-雨夹雪 Sleet
//405-雨雪天气 Rain And Snow
//406-阵雨夹雪 Shower Snow
return "X";
}
if (cond_code == "305" || cond_code == "308" || cond_code == "309" || cond_code == "314" || cond_code == "399") {
//305-小雨 Light Rain
//308-极端降雨 Extreme Rain
//309-毛毛雨/细雨 Drizzle Rain
//314-小到中雨 Light to moderate rain
//399-雨 Light to moderate rain
return "Q";
}
if (cond_code == "306" || cond_code == "307" || cond_code == "310" || cond_code == "311" || cond_code == "312" || cond_code == "315" || cond_code == "316" || cond_code == "317" || cond_code == "318") {
//306-中雨 Moderate Rain
//307-大雨 Heavy Rain
//310-暴雨 Storm
//311-大暴雨 Heavy Storm
//312-特大暴雨 Severe Storm
//315-中到大雨 Moderate to heavy rain
//316-大到暴雨 Heavy rain to storm
//317-暴雨到大暴雨 Storm to heavy storm
//318-大暴雨到特大暴雨 Heavy to severe storm
return "R";
}
if (cond_code == "400" || cond_code == "408") {
//400-小雪 Light Snow
//408-小到中雪 Light to moderate snow
return "U";
}
if (cond_code == "401" || cond_code == "402" || cond_code == "403" || cond_code == "409" || cond_code == "410") {
//401-中雪 Moderate Snow
//402-大雪 Heavy Snow
//403-暴雪 Snowstorm
//409-中到大雪 Moderate to heavy snow
//410-大到暴雪 Heavy snow to snowstorm
return "W";
}
if (cond_code == "407") {
//407-阵雪 Snow Flurry
return "V";
}
if (cond_code == "499" || cond_code == "901") {
//499-雪 Snow
//901-冷 Cold
return "G";
}
if (cond_code == "500") {
//500-薄雾 Mist
return "E";
}
if (cond_code == "501" || cond_code == "509" || cond_code == "510" || cond_code == "514" || cond_code == "515") {
//501-雾 Foggy
return "M";
}
if (cond_code == "502" || cond_code == "511" || cond_code == "512" || cond_code == "513") {
//502-霾 Haze
return "L";
}
if (cond_code == "503" || cond_code == "504" || cond_code == "507" || cond_code == "508") {
//503-扬沙 Sand
return "F";
}
if (cond_code == "999") {//未知
return ")";
}
if (cond_code == "213") {
return "O";
}
if (cond_code == "200" || cond_code == "201" || cond_code == "202" || cond_code == "203" || cond_code == "204" || cond_code == "205" || cond_code == "206" || cond_code == "207" || cond_code == "208" || cond_code == "209" || cond_code == "210" || cond_code == "211" || cond_code == "212") {
return "S";
}
return ")";
}
doUpdateCur、doUpdateFore函数主要是对访问和风天气的URL进行了更新，更新后的URL内容如下：
//HeFeng.cpp文件中更新后的doUpdateCurr函数里的访问URL
String url = "https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/now?lang=en&gzip=n&location=" + location + "&key=" + key;
//HeFeng.cpp文件中更新后doUpdateFore函数里的访问URL
String url = "https://devapi.qweather.com/v7/weather/3d?lang=en&gzip=n&location=" + location + "&key=" + key;
这个更新后URL也是正确的，可以访问到数据，但是对于和风天气返回的json格式数据，则只是在https请求中增加了“gzip=n”这个选项，以表示返回的数据不要进行Gzip压缩。
但经过我的试验测试后该方法并不可行，自2022年3月之后，和风天气的json返回数据强制进行了Gzip压缩，从而极大减少网络流量，加快请求。所以接下来的主要任务就是先要对返回的json数据进行Gzip解压。
在和风天气的官方文档中有给出不同开发语言如何处理Gzip的一些官方参考文档，具体链接如下：
https://dev.qweather.com/docs/best-practices/gzip/
另外基于Arduino和ESP8266的JSON数据获取与解压之和风天气以及和风天气接口返回的gzip格式数据解析–esp32–espidf这两篇博客分别用了 zlib 库和 ArduinoZlib 库来实现对Gzip数据的解析。
不过个人感觉可能都写得比较略微简单了点，对于我这种刚刚接触这方面的菜鸟小白来说，只能说看得有点头大。秉持着“能白嫖就白嫖”的原则，我开始寻找有没有哪位大神已经把内容全部都封装好了，这样我就可以直接拿来用了，毕竟医生告诉我胃不好，只能吃软饭（开个玩笑，只是自己懒得写gzip解压罢了）。
经过我的一番搜索查找后，发现了tignioj大佬写的一个ESP8266_Heweather开源库，大佬直接将繁杂的https请求以及json解析部分直接封装好了，直接调用几个函数就能获取到和风天气的具体解析信息，这就相当于直接把饭喂到了我嘴里，而且还亲测可用，简直是不要太棒！其开源链接如下：
https://github.com/tignioj/ESP8266_Heweather
所以接下来我将详细介绍下如何用 ESP8266_Heweather 开源库来解决太极创客物联网天气时钟二三页出现NA的问题。
3. 使用ESP8266_Heweather开源库
从GitHub上将 ESP8266_Heweather 库下载完之后，还不能直接将其添加到Arduino的库里面，有些地方还需要修改下。不过在此之前，也请大家仔细阅读一下里面的README文档，里面有说到需要前期准备的工作，比如申请和风天气的API、安装相应的库等等，如下图所示：
上图这些准备工作我相信大家除了 ArduinoUZlib 库没有安装，别的应该都是完成了的。 ArduinoUZlib 库主要就是用来解压gzip数据的，其地址如下：
https://github.com/tignioj/ArduinoUZlib
之后我们需要对库中src目录下的 AirQuality.cpp 、 HttpsGetUtils.cpp 两个文件进行修改，在 AirQuality.cpp 文件下的 AirQuality::get()函数的末尾加上一句“return false;”，在 HttpsGetUtils.cpp 文件下的 HttpsGetUtils::get(String url)函数的末尾加上一句“return “”;”，分别如下图所示：
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其实代码的逻辑是没有问题的，只是Arduino编译器定义有返回值的函数时一定得在函数末尾加上return XXX才能通过编译，不然就会报下面这个错误：
error: control reaches end of non-void function [-Werror=return-type]
解决好这个问题后，我们就可以把修改好的压缩包添加到Arduino的库里面了。接下来就是对 HeFeng.cpp 文件进行修改，我直接将修改后的代码放上来：
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.h>
#include <ESP8266_Heweather.h>
#include "HeFeng.h"
HeFeng::HeFeng() {
}
WeatherNow weatherNow;
WeatherForecast weatherForecast;
void HeFeng::fans(HeFengCurrentData *data, String id) { //获取粉丝数
std::unique_ptr<BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure>client(new BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure);
client->setInsecure();
HTTPClient https;
String url = "https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/stat?vmid=" + id;
Serial.print("[HTTPS] begin...bilibili\n");
if (https.begin(*client, url)) { // HTTPS
// start connection and send HTTP header
int httpCode = https.GET();
// httpCode will be negative on error
if (httpCode > 0) {
// HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled
Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);
if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK || httpCode == HTTP_CODE_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) {
String payload = https.getString();
Serial.println(payload);
DynamicJsonDocument jsonBuffer(2048);
deserializeJson(jsonBuffer, payload);
JsonObject root = jsonBuffer.as<JsonObject>();
String follower = root["data"]["follower"];
data->follower = follower;
jsonBuffer.clear();
}
} else {
Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... failed, error: %s\n", https.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());
data->follower = "-1";
}
https.end();
} else {
Serial.printf("[HTTPS] Unable to connect\n");
data->follower = "-1";
}
}
void HeFeng::doUpdateCurr(HeFengCurrentData *data, String key, String location) { //获取天气
weatherNow.config(key, location, "m", "en");
if (weatherNow.get()) { // 获取天气更新
Serial.println(F("======Weahter Now Info======"));
Serial.print("Server Response: ");
Serial.println(weatherNow.getTemp()); // 获取实况温度
data->tmp = weatherNow.getTemp();
Serial.print(F("FeelsLike: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getFeelLike()); // 获取实况体感温度
data->fl = weatherNow.getFeelLike();
Serial.print(F("Icon: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getIcon()); // 获取当前天气图标代码
String cond_code = (String)weatherNow.getIcon();
String meteoconIcon = getMeteoconIcon(cond_code);
data->iconMeteoCon = meteoconIcon;
Serial.print(F("Weather Now: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getWeatherText()); // 获取实况天气状况的文字描述
data->cond_txt = weatherNow.getWeatherText();
Serial.print(F("windDir: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getWindDir()); // 获取实况风向
data->wind_dir = weatherNow.getWindDir();
Serial.print(F("WindScale: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getWindScale()); // 获取实况风力等级
data->wind_sc = weatherNow.getWindScale();
Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));
Serial.println(weatherNow.getHumidity()); // 获取实况相对湿度百分比数值
data->hum = weatherNow.getHumidity();
Serial.println(F("========================"));
} else { // 更新失败
Serial.println("Update Failed...");
Serial.print("Server Response: ");
Serial.println(weatherNow.getServerCode()); // 参考 https://dev.heweather.com/docs/start/status-code
}
}
void HeFeng::doUpdateFore(HeFengForeData *data, String key, String location) { //获取预报
weatherForecast.config(key, location, "m", "en"); // 配置请求信息
if (weatherForecast.get()) { // 获取天气更新
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Serial.print(F("==========Day "));
Serial.print(i);
Serial.println(F("=========="));
Serial.print(F("Fx Data: "));
Serial.println(weatherForecast.getFxDate(i)); // 获取预测的时间
String datestr = weatherForecast.getFxDate(i);
data[i].datestr = datestr.substring(5, datestr.length());
Serial.print(F("TempMax: "));
Serial.println(weatherForecast.getTempMax(i)); // 获取最高温度
data[i].tmp_max = weatherForecast.getTempMax(i);
Serial.print(F("TempMin: "));
Serial.println(weatherForecast.getTempMin(i)); // 获取最低温度
data[i].tmp_min = weatherForecast.getTempMin(i);
Serial.print(F("Icon: "));
Serial.println(weatherForecast.getIconDay(i)); // 获取天气图标代码
String cond_code = (String)weatherForecast.getIconDay(i);
String meteoconIcon = getMeteoconIcon(cond_code);
data[i].iconMeteoCon = meteoconIcon;
Serial.println(F("========================="));
}
} else { // 更新失败
Serial.println("Update Failed...");
Serial.print("Server Response: ");
Serial.println(weatherForecast.getServerCode()); // 参考 https://dev.heweather.com/docs/start/status-code
}
}
String HeFeng::getMeteoconIcon(String cond_code) { //获取天气图标 见 https://dev.qweather.com/docs/start/icons/
if (cond_code == "100" || cond_code == "150" || cond_code == "9006") {//晴 Sunny/Clear
return "B";
}
if (cond_code == "101") {//多云 Cloudy
return "Y";
}
if (cond_code == "102") {//少云 Few Clouds
return "N";
}
if (cond_code == "103" || cond_code == "153") {//晴间多云 Partly Cloudy/
return "H";
}
if (cond_code == "104" || cond_code == "154") {//阴 Overcast
return "D";
}
if (cond_code == "300" || cond_code == "301") {//阵雨 Shower Rain 301-强阵雨 Heavy Shower Rain
return "T";
}
if (cond_code == "302" || cond_code == "303") {//302-雷阵雨 Thundershower / 303-强雷阵雨
return "P";
}
if (cond_code == "304" || cond_code == "313" || cond_code == "404" || cond_code == "405" || cond_code == "406") {
//304-雷阵雨伴有冰雹 Freezing Rain
//313-冻雨 Freezing Rain
//404-雨夹雪 Sleet
//405-雨雪天气 Rain And Snow
//406-阵雨夹雪 Shower Snow
return "X";
}
if (cond_code == "305" || cond_code == "308" || cond_code == "309" || cond_code == "314" || cond_code == "399") {
//305-小雨 Light Rain
//308-极端降雨 Extreme Rain
//309-毛毛雨/细雨 Drizzle Rain
//314-小到中雨 Light to moderate rain
//399-雨 Light to moderate rain
return "Q";
}
if (cond_code == "306" || cond_code == "307" || cond_code == "310" || cond_code == "311" || cond_code == "312" || cond_code == "315" || cond_code == "316" || cond_code == "317" || cond_code == "318") {
//306-中雨 Moderate Rain
//307-大雨 Heavy Rain
//310-暴雨 Storm
//311-大暴雨 Heavy Storm
//312-特大暴雨 Severe Storm
//315-中到大雨 Moderate to heavy rain
//316-大到暴雨 Heavy rain to storm
//317-暴雨到大暴雨 Storm to heavy storm
//318-大暴雨到特大暴雨 Heavy to severe storm
return "R";
}
if (cond_code == "400" || cond_code == "408") {
//400-小雪 Light Snow
//408-小到中雪 Light to moderate snow
return "U";
}
if (cond_code == "401" || cond_code == "402" || cond_code == "403" || cond_code == "409" || cond_code == "410") {
//401-中雪 Moderate Snow
//402-大雪 Heavy Snow
//403-暴雪 Snowstorm
//409-中到大雪 Moderate to heavy snow
//410-大到暴雪 Heavy snow to snowstorm
return "W";
}
if (cond_code == "407") {
//407-阵雪 Snow Flurry
return "V";
}
if (cond_code == "499" || cond_code == "901") {
//499-雪 Snow
//901-冷 Cold
return "G";
}
if (cond_code == "500") {
//500-薄雾 Mist
return "E";
}
if (cond_code == "501" || cond_code == "509" || cond_code == "510" || cond_code == "514" || cond_code == "515") {
//501-雾 Foggy
return "M";
}
if (cond_code == "502" || cond_code == "511" || cond_code == "512" || cond_code == "513") {
//502-霾 Haze
return "L";
}
if (cond_code == "503" || cond_code == "504" || cond_code == "507" || cond_code == "508") {
//503-扬沙 Sand
return "F";
}
if (cond_code == "999") {//未知
return ")";
}
if (cond_code == "213") {
return "O";
}
if (cond_code == "200" || cond_code == "201" || cond_code == "202" || cond_code == "203" || cond_code == "204" || cond_code == "205" || cond_code == "206" || cond_code == "207" || cond_code == "208" || cond_code == "209" || cond_code == "210" || cond_code == "211" || cond_code == "212") {
return "S";
}
return ")";
}
另外，需要对 HeFeng.h 文件中的HeFengCurrentData这个结构体变量增加一个“风向”成员变量，即String wind_dir，更改后的结构体变量如下：
typedef struct HeFengCurrentData {
String cond_txt;
String fl;
String tmp;
String hum;
String wind_sc;
String wind_dir;
String iconMeteoCon;
String follower;
}
HeFengCurrentData;
4. 成果展示
做完这些后基本就可以解决天气时钟二三页出现NA的问题了，由于时间比较仓促，3D外壳就没打印，简单焊接了一个洞洞板测试了下功能，演示视频以及运行中的界面如下：
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物联网天气时钟演示视频
5. 结语
这是我第一次写博客，有很多不足之处，也请大家多多批评指正。
