如何在STM32上成功移植LwESP

LwESP 是一个专门解析 Espressif 公司旗下 ESP 系列芯片 AT 指令的开源库,具有以下特性:

  1. 支持 Espressif 公司 ESP32, ESP32-C2, ESP32-C3, ESP32-C6 和 ESP8266 芯片。
  2. 独立平台,采用 C99 标准编写,易于移植。
  3. 允许不同的配置来优化客户的需求。
  4. 针对 RTOS 系统进行了优化。
  5. 有专门的 2 个线程来处理用户的输入和接收的数据
  6. Producer 线程:用于从应用程序接收用户命令并执行
  7. Process 线程:处理从 ESP 返回的数据
  8. 支持在 LwESP 上直接运行以下应用:
  9. HTTP server
  10. MQTT client
  11. Cayenne MQTT server
  12. 嵌入其它 AT 指令,如 WPS
  13. 用户友好的 MIT License

综上,对于直接运行 AT 固件的 ESP 系列芯片,使用 LwESP 可以直接实现网络功能而无需去研究各种 AT 指令,从而可以让用户专注于应用即可

这里顺带提一下笔者的开发环境:

  • MCU:STM32F103RCT6
  • Library: 标准库 en.stsw-stm32054_v3-6-0 (HAL 库和 LL 库对应参考即可)
  • RTOS:FreeRTOSv202210.01-LTS
  • LwESP 移植可以分为以下几步:

    1. 下载源码
    2. 源码加入工程
    3. 接口移植
    4. 应用测试

    下载源码

    LwESP 的源码可以参考 GitHub 上的仓库。一般来说,源码下载只需要下载正式 release 的版本即可,不需要刻意下载 main 和 develop 分支。笔者在写这篇文档时最新的 release 版本为 Release v1.1.2-dev

    Release v1.12 dev

    源码加入工程

    LwESP 采用 CMake 来构建系统。如果不支持 CMake 的话,LwESP 也支持将源码加入到自己的工程中来编译。笔者使用 KEIL 来编译 STM32,所以需要采用后者的编译方式。

    将 LwESP 加入到自己的工程中也很简单,分为几下几步:

    1. lwesp 目录拷贝到工程中。lwesp 目录中包含了 LwESP 实现的源码。
    2. 在 KEIL 的头文件搜索路径中增加 lwesp/src/include。注意这里头文件的路径只需要 lwesp/src/include 即可,因为在 LwESP 的 C 源文件中包含的头文件类似于 #include "lwesp/lwesp.h,已经以相对路径的方式包含了所需要的头文件,所以这里只包含 lwesp/src/include 这一个头文件路径即可。
    3. lwesp 目录下 src 下的所有 C 源文件(除了子目录 system 下的 C 源文件)加入到 KEIL 中。注意 src 目录下又分为了好几个子目录,各个子目录下的 C 源文件都到加入到 KEIL 中。笔者这里就以 src 目录下个各个子目录在 KEIL 中一一进行了逻辑划分。
      Project Directories
    4. system 下的 C 源文件 lwesp_ll_stm32.clwesp_sys_freertos.c 加入到 KEIL 中。(为什么单独是这 2 个文件,后面 接口移植 会说明)
    5. 拷贝 lwesp/src/include/lwesp/lwesp_opts_template.h 头文件到工程中并重新命名为 lwesp_opts.h。注意放置头文件 lwesp_opts.h 的所在目录也必须加入到 KEIL 头文件搜索路径中。

    注:

    system 下的 C 源文件主要分为 3 部分:

    1. 示例系统接口,主要针对的是 RTOS
    2. 示例芯片驱动,主要针对的是芯片的一些驱动,用于芯片和 ESP 设备之间的物理通信
    3. 示例内存管理

    System Directory

    接口移植

    分层结构

    在正式移植 LwESP 之前,首先要了解 LwESP 的分层结构。

    Architecture

    整个 LwESP 可以分为 4 层:

  • User application
  • ESP AT Lib middleware
  • System functions & Low-level functions
  • ESP8266 or ESP32 physical device
  • User application:
    用户应用层。

    ESP AT Lib middleware
    该层不建议用户主动更改。该层是整个 LwESP 的核心层,负责 AT 命令的执行和分析从 ESP 返回的数据。

    System functions & Low-level functions
    用户需要完全实现该层的接口。

  • System functions:该层中的接口是 RTOS 和 ESP AT Lib middleware 层的桥梁。主要分为以下几个接口:

    1. 线程管理
    2. 二进制信号量管理
    3. 递归互斥管理
    4. 消息队列管理
    5. 当前时间状态信息
  • Low-level functions:该层中的接口负责 ESP AT Lib middleware 层和 ESP8266 or ESP32 physical device 层之间的通信。

  • ESP8266 or ESP32 physical device

    移植

    了解了 LwESP 的分层结构之后,其实移植工作主要做的工作就是完全实现 System functions & Low-level functions 层。而对于这一层,又可以分为实现 System functionsLow-level functions

    System functions 的实现需要根据 MCU 所使用的 RTOS 决定。笔者使用的 RTOS 是 FreeRTOS。对于 FreeRTOS,LwESP 已经提供了现成的示例,路径为 lwesp\src\system\lwesp_sys_freertos.c。只需要将文件拷贝到自己的工程中即可。

    Low-level functions 的实现需要根据 MCU 所使用的库来决定。对于 STM32 而言,库可以分为标准库、HAL 库和 LL 库三种。LwESP 提供了基于 LL 库的示例,路径为 lwesp\src\system\lwesp_ll_stm32.c。如果使用的是 LL 库来开发 STM32,则可以直接将其拷贝到自己的工程中。不过 lwesp_ll_stm32.c 中关于 RTOS 的接口是基于 CMSIS-OS,所以如果使用的 RTOS 不是 CMSIS-OS 的话,还需要将 CMSIS-OS 的系统接口替换成自己 RTOS 的系统接口。

    笔者的开发环境是 标准库+FreeRTOS 的组合。所以对于 lwesp_ll_stm32.c 文件,移植包括以下几步:

    1. LL 开头的 LL 库接口替换成标准库的接口
    2. os 开头的 CMSIS-OS 接口替换成 FreeRTOS 接口

    通过 lwesp_ll_stm32.c 文件的头部说明可以了解到,LwESP 是使用 UART + DMA 的方式来接收从 ESP 返回的数据。所以这里也需要根据自己使用的 MCU 来确定使用的 UART 和 DMA。笔者这是使用 USART2 和 ESP 通信,根据 STM32F103RCT6 的 Datasheet 可知 USART2 的 DMA 接收通道为 DMA1_Channel6

    DMA

    整个 lwesp_ll_stm32.c 修改后如下:

    /**
     * \file            lwesp_ll_stm32.c
     * \brief           Generic STM32 driver, included in various STM32 driver variants
     */
    
    /*
     * Copyright (c) 2020 Tilen MAJERLE
     *
     * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
     * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
     * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
     * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
     * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
     * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
     * subject to the following conditions:
     *
     * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
     * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
     *
     * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
     * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
     * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     * AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
     * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
     * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
     * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
     * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
     *
     * This file is part of LwESP - Lightweight ESP-AT parser library.
     *
     * Author:          Tilen MAJERLE <tilen@majerle.eu>
     * Version:         v1.1.2-dev
     */
    
    /*
     * How it works
     *
     * On first call to \ref lwesp_ll_init, new thread is created and processed in usart_ll_thread function.
     * USART is configured in RX DMA mode and any incoming bytes are processed inside thread function.
     * DMA and USART implement interrupt handlers to notify main thread about new data ready to send to upper layer.
     *
     * More about UART + RX DMA: https://github.com/MaJerle/stm32-usart-dma-rx-tx
     *
     * \ref LWESP_CFG_INPUT_USE_PROCESS must be enabled in `lwesp_config.h` to use this driver.
     */
    #include "stm32f10x.h"
    
    #include "lwesp/lwesp.h"
    #include "lwesp/lwesp_mem.h"
    #include "lwesp/lwesp_input.h"
    #include "system/lwesp_ll.h"
    
    #if !__DOXYGEN__
    
    /* USART */
    #define LWESP_USART                           USART2
    #define LWESP_USART_CLK                       RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2, ENABLE)
    #define LWESP_USART_IRQ                       USART2_IRQn
    #define LWESP_USART_IRQHANDLER                USART2_IRQHandler
    #define LWESP_USART_RDR_NAME                  DR
    
    /* USART TX PIN */
    #define LWESP_USART_TX_PORT_CLK               RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE)
    #define LWESP_USART_TX_PORT                   GPIOA
    #define LWESP_USART_TX_PIN                    GPIO_Pin_2
    
    /* USART RX PIN */
    #define LWESP_USART_RX_PORT_CLK               RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE)
    #define LWESP_USART_RX_PORT                   GPIOA
    #define LWESP_USART_RX_PIN                    GPIO_Pin_3
    
    /* DMA settings */
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA                       DMA1
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_CLK                   RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE)
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH                 DMA1_Channel6
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_IRQ                DMA1_Channel6_IRQn
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_IRQHANDLER         DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
    
    /* RESET PIN */
    #define LWESP_RESET_PORT_CLK                  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE)
    #define LWESP_RESET_PORT                      GPIOA
    #define LWESP_RESET_PIN                       GPIO_Pin_4
    
    /* DMA flags management */
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CLEAR_TC           DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_IT_TC6)
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CLEAR_HT           DMA_ClearFlag(DMA1_IT_HT6)
    
    #if !LWESP_CFG_INPUT_USE_PROCESS
    #error "LWESP_CFG_INPUT_USE_PROCESS must be enabled in `lwesp_config.h` to use this driver."
    #endif /* LWESP_CFG_INPUT_USE_PROCESS */
    
    #if !defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_BUFF_SIZE)
    #define LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_BUFF_SIZE      0x1000
    #endif /* !defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_BUFF_SIZE) */
    
    #if !defined(LWESP_MEM_SIZE)
    #define LWESP_MEM_SIZE                    0x1000
    #endif /* !defined(LWESP_MEM_SIZE) */
    
    #if !defined(LWESP_USART_RDR_NAME)
    #define LWESP_USART_RDR_NAME              RDR
    #endif /* !defined(LWESP_USART_RDR_NAME) */
    
    /* USART memory */
    static uint8_t      usart_mem[LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_BUFF_SIZE];
    static uint8_t      is_running, initialized;
    static size_t       old_pos;
    
    /* USART thread */
    static void usart_ll_thread(void* arg);
    static TaskHandle_t usart_ll_thread_id;
    
    /* Message queue */
    static QueueHandle_t usart_ll_mbox_id;
    
    /**
     * \brief           USART data processing
     */
    static void
    usart_ll_thread(void* arg) {
        size_t pos;
    
        LWESP_UNUSED(arg);
    
        while (1) {
            void* d;
            /* Wait for the event message from DMA or USART */
            xQueueReceive(usart_ll_mbox_id, &d, portMAX_DELAY);
    
            /* Read data */
    #if defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM)
            pos = sizeof(usart_mem) - LL_DMA_GetDataLength(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
    #else
            pos = sizeof(usart_mem) - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM) */
            if (pos != old_pos && is_running) {
                if (pos > old_pos) {
                    lwesp_input_process(&usart_mem[old_pos], pos - old_pos);
                } else {
                    lwesp_input_process(&usart_mem[old_pos], sizeof(usart_mem) - old_pos);
                    if (pos > 0) {
                        lwesp_input_process(&usart_mem[0], pos);
                    }
                }
                old_pos = pos;
                if (old_pos == sizeof(usart_mem)) {
                    old_pos = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * \brief           Configure UART using DMA for receive in double buffer mode and IDLE line detection
     */
    static void
    configure_uart(uint32_t baudrate) {
        static USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStruct = { 0 };
        static DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStruct = { 0 };
        GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure = { 0 };
        NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure = { 0 };
    
        if (!initialized) {
            /* Enable peripheral clocks */
            LWESP_USART_CLK;
            LWESP_USART_DMA_CLK;
            LWESP_USART_TX_PORT_CLK;
            LWESP_USART_RX_PORT_CLK;
    
    #if defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN)
            LWESP_RESET_PORT_CLK;
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_GPIO0_PIN)
            LWESP_GPIO0_PORT_CLK;
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_GPIO0_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_GPIO2_PIN)
            LWESP_GPIO2_PORT_CLK;
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_GPIO2_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_CH_PD_PIN)
            LWESP_CH_PD_PORT_CLK;
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_CH_PD_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN)
            /* Configure RESET pin */
            memset(&GPIO_InitStructure, 0, sizeof(GPIO_InitTypeDef));
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = LWESP_RESET_PIN;
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
            GPIO_Init(LWESP_RESET_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_GPIO0_PIN)
            /* Configure GPIO0 pin */
            gpio_init.Pin = LWESP_GPIO0_PIN;
            LL_GPIO_Init(LWESP_GPIO0_PORT, &gpio_init);
            LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(LWESP_GPIO0_PORT, LWESP_GPIO0_PIN);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_GPIO0_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_GPIO2_PIN)
            /* Configure GPIO2 pin */
            gpio_init.Pin = LWESP_GPIO2_PIN;
            LL_GPIO_Init(LWESP_GPIO2_PORT, &gpio_init);
            LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(LWESP_GPIO2_PORT, LWESP_GPIO2_PIN);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_GPIO2_PIN) */
    
    #if defined(LWESP_CH_PD_PIN)
            /* Configure CH_PD pin */
            gpio_init.Pin = LWESP_CH_PD_PIN;
            LL_GPIO_Init(LWESP_CH_PD_PORT, &gpio_init);
            LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(LWESP_CH_PD_PORT, LWESP_CH_PD_PIN);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_CH_PD_PIN) */
    
            /* Configure USART pins */
            /* TX PIN */
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = LWESP_USART_TX_PIN;
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
            GPIO_Init(LWESP_USART_TX_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
            /* RX PIN */
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
            GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = LWESP_USART_RX_PIN;
            GPIO_Init(LWESP_USART_TX_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
            /* Configure UART */
            USART_DeInit(LWESP_USART);
            USART_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = baudrate;
            USART_InitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
            USART_InitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
            USART_InitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
            USART_InitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
            USART_InitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
            USART_Init(LWESP_USART, &USART_InitStruct);
    
            /* Enable USART interrupts and DMA request */
            USART_ITConfig(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE);
            USART_ITConfig(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_PE, ENABLE);
            USART_ITConfig(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_ERR, ENABLE);
            USART_DMACmd(LWESP_USART, USART_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);
    
            /* Enable USART interrupts */
            memset(&NVIC_InitStructure, 0, sizeof(NVIC_InitTypeDef));
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = LWESP_USART_IRQ;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 7;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
            NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
            /* Configure DMA */
            is_running = 0;
    #if defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM)
            LL_DMA_DeInit(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
            dma_init.Channel = LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH;
    #else
            // DMA_DeInit(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM) */
    
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&(LWESP_USART->LWESP_USART_RDR_NAME);
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)usart_mem;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_BufferSize = sizeof(usart_mem);
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_Medium;
            DMA_InitStruct.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    
    #if defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM)
            LL_DMA_Init(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM, &dma_init);
    #else
            DMA_Init(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH, &DMA_InitStruct);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM) */
    
            /* Enable DMA interrupts */
    #if defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM)
            LL_DMA_EnableIT_HT(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
            LL_DMA_EnableIT_TC(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
            LL_DMA_EnableIT_TE(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
            LL_DMA_EnableIT_FE(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
            LL_DMA_EnableIT_DME(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
    #else
            DMA_ITConfig(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH, DMA_IT_HT, ENABLE);
            DMA_ITConfig(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE);
            DMA_ITConfig(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH, DMA_IT_TE, ENABLE);
    
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM) */
    
            /* Enable DMA interrupts */
            memset(&NVIC_InitStructure, 0, sizeof(NVIC_InitTypeDef));
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_IRQ;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 6;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
            NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
            NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
            old_pos = 0;
            is_running = 1;
    
            /* Start DMA and USART */
    #if defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM)
            LL_DMA_EnableStream(LWESP_USART_DMA, LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM);
    #else
            DMA_Cmd(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CH, ENABLE);
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_STREAM) */
            USART_Cmd(LWESP_USART, ENABLE);
    
            /* Read from the USART_SR register followed by a write to the USART_DR register to clear TC flag */
            USART_GetFlagStatus(LWESP_USART, USART_FLAG_TC);
        } else {
            vTaskDelay(100);
            USART_Cmd(LWESP_USART, DISABLE);
            USART_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = baudrate;
            USART_Init(LWESP_USART, &USART_InitStruct);
            USART_Cmd(LWESP_USART, ENABLE);
    
            /* Read from the USART_SR register followed by a write to the USART_DR register to clear TC flag */
            USART_GetFlagStatus(LWESP_USART, USART_FLAG_TC);
        }
    
        /* Create mbox and start thread */
        if (usart_ll_mbox_id == NULL) {
            usart_ll_mbox_id = xQueueCreate(10, sizeof(void*));
        }
        if (usart_ll_thread_id == NULL) {
            xTaskCreate(usart_ll_thread, "usart_ll_thread", 1024, NULL, 10, &usart_ll_thread_id);
        }
    }
    
    #if defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN)
    /**
     * \brief           Hardware reset callback
     */
    static uint8_t
    reset_device(uint8_t state) {
        if (state) {
            /* Activate reset line */
            GPIO_ResetBits(LWESP_RESET_PORT, LWESP_RESET_PIN);
        } else {
            GPIO_SetBits(LWESP_RESET_PORT, LWESP_RESET_PIN);
        }
        return 1;
    }
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN) */
    
    /**
     * \brief           Send data to ESP device
     * \param[in]       data: Pointer to data to send
     * \param[in]       len: Number of bytes to send
     * \return          Number of bytes sent
     */
    static size_t
    send_data(const void* data, size_t len) {
        const uint8_t* d = data;
    
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i, ++d) {
            USART_SendData(LWESP_USART, (uint8_t)(*d));
            while (USART_GetFlagStatus(LWESP_USART, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {}
        }
        return len;
    }
    
    /**
     * \brief           Callback function called from initialization process
     */
    lwespr_t
    lwesp_ll_init(lwesp_ll_t* ll) {
    #if !LWESP_CFG_MEM_CUSTOM
        static uint8_t memory[LWESP_MEM_SIZE];
        lwesp_mem_region_t mem_regions[] = {
            { memory, sizeof(memory) }
        };
    
        if (!initialized) {
            lwesp_mem_assignmemory(mem_regions, LWESP_ARRAYSIZE(mem_regions));  /* Assign memory for allocations */
        }
    #endif /* !LWESP_CFG_MEM_CUSTOM */
    
        if (!initialized) {
            ll->send_fn = send_data;                /* Set callback function to send data */
    #if defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN)
            ll->reset_fn = reset_device;            /* Set callback for hardware reset */
    #endif /* defined(LWESP_RESET_PIN) */
        }
    
        configure_uart(ll->uart.baudrate);          /* Initialize UART for communication */
        initialized = 1;
        return lwespOK;
    }
    
    /**
     * \brief           Callback function to de-init low-level communication part
     */
    lwespr_t
    lwesp_ll_deinit(lwesp_ll_t* ll) {
        if (usart_ll_mbox_id != NULL) {
            QueueHandle_t tmp = usart_ll_mbox_id;
            usart_ll_mbox_id = NULL;
            vQueueDelete(tmp);
        }
        if (usart_ll_thread_id != NULL) {
            TaskHandle_t tmp = usart_ll_thread_id;
            usart_ll_thread_id = NULL;
            vTaskDelete(tmp);
        }
        initialized = 0;
        LWESP_UNUSED(ll);
        return lwespOK;
    }
    
    /**
     * \brief           UART global interrupt handler
     */
    void
    LWESP_USART_IRQHANDLER(void) {
        USART_ClearFlag(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_PE);
        USART_ClearFlag(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_FE);
        USART_ClearFlag(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_ORE_ER);
        USART_ClearFlag(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_NE);
    
        if (USART_GetITStatus(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET) {
            /* Clear IDLE bit */
            USART_ReceiveData(LWESP_USART);
            USART_ClearITPendingBit(LWESP_USART, USART_IT_IDLE);
        }
    
        if (usart_ll_mbox_id != NULL) {
            void* d = (void*)1;
            xQueueSendToBackFromISR(usart_ll_mbox_id, &d, NULL);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * \brief           UART DMA stream/channel handler
     */
    void
    LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_IRQHANDLER(void) {
        LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CLEAR_TC;
        LWESP_USART_DMA_RX_CLEAR_HT;
    
        if (usart_ll_mbox_id != NULL) {
            void* d = (void*)1;
            xQueueSendToBackFromISR(usart_ll_mbox_id, &d, NULL);
        }
    }
    
    #endif /* !__DOXYGEN__ */
    
    

    这里在补充一下,除了 USART2 所使用的 TXRX 引脚外,LwESP 还约定了其它的一些引脚,对于 ESP32 系列,LwESP 还添加了宏定义 LWESP_RESET_PIN 用来控制 ESP32 RST 引脚。而对于 ESP8266 系列,LwESP 定义了 LWESP_GPIO0_PIN,LWESP_GPIO2_PINLWESP_CH_PD_PIN。对于感兴趣的读者,可以参考 LwESP 的官方文档中的 Examples and demos。

    到这里,整个移植工作就全部完成了,剩下的工作就是写个应用 Demo 来测试下。

    应用测试

    LwESP 已经帮我们实现了大部分的应用接口。对于经常使用的一些 TCP, UDP, MQTT 和 HTTP 的功能,LwESP 在目录 snippets 下提供了现成的源文件。LwESP 也针对 STM32 提供了现成的应用示例,只需要参考下即可,路径为 examples\stm32

    Examples

    笔者这里参考 Demo netconn_client_rtos_stm32l496g_discovery,简单的写了个应用。就简简单单的在加入 AP 后与指定的 TCP Server 建立连接,之后发送一个 GET 请求。main.c 如下:

    /**
      ******************************************************************************
      * @file    Project/STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Template/main.c 
      * @author  MCD Application Team
      * @version V3.6.0
      * @date    20-September-2021
      * @brief   Main program body
      ******************************************************************************
      * @attention
      *
      * Copyright (c) 2011 STMicroelectronics.
      * All rights reserved.
      *
      * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
      * in the root directory of this software component.
      * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
      *
      ******************************************************************************
      */
    
    /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "stm32f10x.h"
    #include "lwesp_opts.h"
    
    #include "FreeRTOS.h"
    #include "task.h"
    
    #include "printf.h"
    #include "delay.h"
    
    #include "lwesp/lwesp.h"
    #include "station_manager.h"
    #include "netconn_client.h"
    
    /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
    /* Private functions ---------------------------------------------------------*/
    lwespr_t lwesp_callback_func(lwesp_evt_t* evt) {
        switch (lwesp_evt_get_type(evt)) {
            case LWESP_EVT_AT_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED: {
                lwesp_sw_version_t v_min, v_curr;
    
                lwesp_get_min_at_fw_version(&v_min);
                lwesp_get_current_at_fw_version(&v_curr);
    
                printf("Current ESP8266 AT version is not supported by library!\r\n");
                printf("Minimum required AT version is: %d.%d.%d\r\n", (int)v_min.major, (int)v_min.minor, (int)v_min.patch);
                printf("Current AT version is: %d.%d.%d\r\n", (int)v_curr.major, (int)v_curr.minor, (int)v_curr.patch);
                break;
            }
            case LWESP_EVT_INIT_FINISH: {
                printf("Library initialized!\r\n");
                break;
            }
            case LWESP_EVT_RESET_DETECTED: {
                printf("Device reset detected!\r\n");
                break;
            }
            case LWESP_EVT_WIFI_IP_ACQUIRED: {        /* We have IP address and we are fully ready to work */
                if (lwesp_sta_is_joined()) {          /* Check if joined on any network */
                    lwesp_sys_thread_create(NULL, "netconn_client", (lwesp_sys_thread_fn)netconn_client_thread, NULL, 512, LWESP_SYS_THREAD_PRIO);
                }
                break;
            }
            case LWESP_EVT_WIFI_CONNECTED: {
                printf("Successfully joined AP\r\n");
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
        return lwespOK;
    }
    
    void join_ap_test(void *pvParameters)
    {
        /* Initialize ESP with default callback function */
        printf("Initializing LwESP\r\n");
        if (lwesp_init(lwesp_callback_func, 1) != lwespOK) {
            printf("Cannot initialize LwESP!\r\n");
        } else {
            printf("LwESP initialized!\r\n");
        }
    
        /*
         * Continuously try to connect to WIFI network
         * but only in case device is not already connected
         */
        while (1) {
            if (!lwesp_sta_is_joined()) {
                /*
                 * Connect to access point.
                 *
                 * Try unlimited time until access point accepts up.
                 * Check for station_manager.c to define preferred access points ESP should connect to
                 */
                connect_to_preferred_access_point(1);
            }
            vTaskDelay(1000);
        }
    
        vTaskDelete(NULL);
    }
    
    /**
      * @brief  Configures the nested vectored interrupt controller.
      * @param  None
      * @retval None
      */
    void NVIC_Configuration(void)
    {
        /* Configure the NVIC Preemption Priority Bits */  
        NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_4);
    }
    
    /**
      * @brief  Main program.
      * @param  None
      * @retval None
      */
    int main(void)
    {
        /*!< At this stage the microcontroller clock setting is already configured, 
            this is done through SystemInit() function which is called from startup
            file (startup_stm32f10x_xx.s) before to branch to application main.
            To reconfigure the default setting of SystemInit() function, refer to
            system_stm32f10x.c file
            */
    
        /* Add your application code here
            */
        BaseType_t xReturn = pdPASS;
    
        NVIC_Configuration();
    
        debug_uart_init();
        printf("Debug UART output success\r\n");
    	
        xReturn = xTaskCreate(join_ap_test, "join_ap_test", 1024 * 2, NULL, 1, NULL);
        if(pdPASS == xReturn)
            vTaskStartScheduler();
        else
            return -1;
    
        /* Infinite loop */
        while (1);
    }
    
    #ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
    
    /**
      * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
      *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
      * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
      * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
      * @retval None
      */
    void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
    { 
        /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
            ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
    
        /* Infinite loop */
        while (1)
        {
        }
    }
    #endif
    
    

    要运行这个 Demo,还需要 snippets 目录下的几个源文件 station_manager.c, utils.cnetconn_client.c。因为 main.c 中调用了这几个源文件中的接口,需要将它们也拷贝到自己的工程中。同时也需要将 snippets/include 中包含到的头文件也添加到自己的工程中,同时不要忘记头文件放置目录也需要添加到 KEIL 的头文件搜索路径中。

    Snippets

    Demo 跑起来还需要配置以下参数:

    1. AP 的 SSID 和 PASSWORD
    2. TCP Server 的 IP 地址和连接端口
    3. 发送给 TCP Server 的数据

    AP 的 SSID 和 PASSWORD 可以在 station_manager.c 中的 ap_list_preferred 中定义:

    /*
     * List of preferred access points for ESP device
     * SSID and password
     *
     * ESP will try to scan for access points
     * and then compare them with the one on the list below
     */
    static const ap_entry_t ap_list_preferred[] = {
        //{ .ssid = "SSID name", .pass = "SSID password" },
        { .ssid = "HUAWEI-tangxiang", .pass = "xxxxxxxx" },
    };
    

    TCP Server 的 IP 地址和连接端口 可以在 netconn_client.c 中定义:

    /**
     * \brief           Host and port settings
     */
    #define NETCONN_HOST        "106.14.142.xxx"
    #define NETCONN_PORT        8001
    

    发送给 TCP Server 的数据 可以在 netconn_client.c 中定义,LwESP 默认在 TCP 连接建立后发送一个 GET 请求。

    /**
     * \brief           Request header to send on successful connection
     */
    static const char
    request_header[] = ""
                       "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
                       "Host: " NETCONN_HOST "\r\n"
                       "Connection: close\r\n"
                       "\r\n";
    

    配置完成后,就可以将 STM32 的 USART2 的 TX 和 RX 引脚与 ESP32 相连,同时可以将 STM32 上定义的 RESET 引脚连接到 ESP32 上的 RST 引脚上。等待 STM32 连接上指定的 AP 后就会自动和指定的 TCP Server 建立 TCP 连接,连接成功后就会自动发送一个 GET 请求。

    Connect

    TCP Server Receive

    当 STM32 接收到 TCP Server 发送过来的数据时,LwESP 也会通知应用层接收到了多少字节的数据。

    TCP Server Send

    到这里,整个 LwESP 的移植和测试已经全部完成了。其实 LwESP 可以挖掘的功能还有很多,各位读者如果有兴趣可以自行去深入挖掘一下,期待与各位读者的技术交流~~~

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