代码收藏家 【小贪】Kinect V2相机标定、图像采集和处理教程（Python）
完整项目链接：GitHub – xfliu1998/kinectProject
Kinect V2相机标定
使用张正友标定法对Kinect V2相机标定。原理及参考代码见以下链接：
单目相机标定实现–张正友标定法：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43763292/article/details/128546103?spm=1001.2014.3001.5506 python利用opencv进行相机标定(完全版)：https://blog.csdn.net/dgut_guangdian/article/details/107467070?spm=1001.2014.3001.5506 Kinect2.0-Python调用-PyKinect2：https://blog.csdn.net/zcz0101/article/details/115718427?spm=1001.2014.3001.5506
- 导入需要的包
import os
import time
import datetime
import glob as gb
import h5py
import keyboard
import cv2
import numpy as np
from utils.calibration import Calibrator
from utils.kinect import Kinect
- 拍摄不同角度的标定图。取照要求：不同角度不同位置拍摄（10-20）张标定图，棋盘格的视野在整张图的1/4~2/3左右。以下函数默认拍摄20张图，按空格键拍摄照片，按q键结束拍摄，拍的标定图会保存到指定路径。
def get_chess_image(image_num=20):
out_path = './data/chess/'
if not os.path.exists(out_path):
os.makedirs(out_path)
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
i = 0
while 1:
(grabbed, img) = camera.read()
cv2.imshow('img', img)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & keyboard.is_pressed('space'): # press space to save an image
i += 1
firename = str(f'{out_path}img{str(i)}.jpg')
cv2.imwrite(firename, img)
print('write: ', firename)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q') or i == image_num: # press q to finish
break
- 对相机标定。函数将相机的内参和畸变系数输出至指定路径，同时可以获得每张标定图的外参矩阵。函数需要用到标定类，代码在utils包中。
def camera_calibrator(shape_inner_corner=(11, 8), size_grid=0.025):
'''
:param shape_inner_corner: checkerboard size = 12*9
:param size_grid: the length of the sides of the checkerboard = 25mm
'''
chess_dir = "./data/chess"
out_path = "./data/dedistortion/chess"
if not os.path.exists(out_path):
os.makedirs(out_path)
# create calibrator
calibrator = Calibrator(chess_dir, shape_inner_corner, size_grid)
# calibrate the camera
mat_intri, coff_dis = calibrator.calibrate_camera()
np.save('./data/intrinsic_matrix.npy', mat_intri)
np.save('./data/distortion_cofficients.npy', coff_dis)
print("intrinsic matrix: \n {}".format(mat_intri))
print("distortion cofficients: \n {}".format(coff_dis)) # (k_1, k_2, p_1, p_2, k_3)
# dedistortion
calibrator.dedistortion(chess_dir, out_path)
return mat_intri, coff_dis
import os
import glob
import cv2
import numpy as np
class Calibrator(object):
def __init__(self, img_dir, shape_inner_corner, size_grid, visualization=True):
"""
--parameters--
img_dir: the directory that save images for calibration, str
shape_inner_corner: the shape of inner corner, Array of int, (h, w)
size_grid: the real size of a grid in calibrator, float
visualization: whether visualization, bool
"""
self.img_dir = img_dir
self.shape_inner_corner = shape_inner_corner
self.size_grid = size_grid
self.visualization = visualization
self.mat_intri = None # intrinsic matrix
self.coff_dis = None # cofficients of distortion
# create the conner in world space
w, h = shape_inner_corner
# cp_int: save the coordinate of corner points in world space in 'int' form. like (0,0,0), ...., (10,7,0)
cp_int = np.zeros((w * h, 3), np.float32)
cp_int[:, :2] = np.mgrid[0:w, 0:h].T.reshape(-1, 2)
# cp_world: corner point in world space, save the coordinate of corner points in world space
self.cp_world = cp_int * size_grid
# images
self.img_paths = []
for extension in ["jpg", "png", "jpeg"]:
self.img_paths += glob.glob(os.path.join(img_dir, "*.{}".format(extension)))
assert len(self.img_paths), "No images for calibration found!"
def calibrate_camera(self):
w, h = self.shape_inner_corner
# criteria: only for subpix calibration, which is not used here
# criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 30, 0.001)
points_world = [] # the points in world space
points_pixel = [] # the points in pixel space (relevant to points_world)
for img_path in self.img_paths:
img = cv2.imread(img_path)
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# find the corners, cp_img: corner points in pixel space
ret, cp_img = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray_img, (w, h), None)
# if ret is True, save
if ret:
# cv2.cornerSubPix(gray_img, cp_img, (11,11), (-1,-1), criteria)
points_world.append(self.cp_world)
points_pixel.append(cp_img)
# view the corners
if self.visualization:
cv2.drawChessboardCorners(img, (w, h), cp_img, ret)
_, img_name = os.path.split(img_path)
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(self.img_dir, f"dedistortion/coner_detect/{img_name}"), img)
cv2.imshow('FoundCorners', img)
cv2.waitKey(500)
# calibrate the camera
ret, mat_intri, coff_dis, v_rot, v_trans = cv2.calibrateCamera(points_world, points_pixel, gray_img.shape[::-1], None, None)
# print("ret: {}".format(ret))
# print("intrinsic matrix: \n {}".format(mat_intri))
# # in the form of (k_1, k_2, p_1, p_2, k_3)
# print("distortion cofficients: \n {}".format(coff_dis))
# print("rotation vectors: \n {}".format(v_rot))
# print("translation vectors: \n {}".format(v_trans))
# calculate the error of reproject
total_error = 0
for i in range(len(points_world)):
points_pixel_repro, _ = cv2.projectPoints(points_world[i], v_rot[i], v_trans[i], mat_intri, coff_dis)
error = cv2.norm(points_pixel[i], points_pixel_repro, cv2.NORM_L2) / len(points_pixel_repro)
total_error += error
# print("Average error of reproject: {}".format(total_error / len(points_world)))
self.mat_intri = mat_intri
self.coff_dis = coff_dis
return mat_intri, coff_dis
def dedistortion(self, img_dir, save_dir):
if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
os.makedirs(save_dir)
# if not calibrated, calibrate first
if self.mat_intri is None:
assert self.coff_dis is None
self.calibrate_camera()
img_paths = []
for extension in ["jpg", "png", "jpeg"]:
img_paths += glob.glob(os.path.join(img_dir, "*.{}".format(extension)))
for img_path in img_paths:
_, img_name = os.path.split(img_path)
img = cv2.imread(img_path)
h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
newcameramtx, roi = cv2.getOptimalNewCameraMatrix(self.mat_intri, self.coff_dis, (w, h), 1, (w, h))
dst = cv2.undistort(img, self.mat_intri, self.coff_dis, None, newcameramtx)
# clip the data
# x, y, w, h = roi
# dst = dst[y:y+h, x:x+w]
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(save_dir, img_name), dst)
# print("Dedistorted images have been saved to: {}".format(save_dir))
Kinect V2相机获取图像及图像预处理
- 使用Kinect V2相机拍摄RGB-D数据流。设定拍摄目标的名字
name，运行函数后延时1s开始拍摄，按ESC键结束拍摄。拍摄的RGB-D数据首先保存到指定路径下的h5文件中，同时输出拍摄的时间。拍摄Kinect图像需要用到Kinect类，代码在utils包中。
def capture_image(name):
file_name = './data/h5/' + name + '.h5'
if os.path.exists(file_name):
os.remove(file_name)
open(file_name, "x")
f = h5py.File(file_name, 'a')
i = 1
kinect = Kinect()
time.sleep(1)
s = time.time()
while 1:
data = kinect.get_the_data_of_color_depth_infrared_image()
# save data
f.create_dataset(str(i), data=data[0])
f.create_dataset(str(i+1), data=data[1])
i += 2
cv2.imshow('kinect', data[0])
cv2.waitKey(1)
if keyboard.is_pressed('esc'): # press ESC to exit
break
print('record time: %f s' % (time.time() - s))
return file_name
from pykinect2 import PyKinectV2
from pykinect2.PyKinectV2 import *
from pykinect2 import PyKinectRuntime
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cv2 as cv
import ctypes
import math
import time
import copy
import keyboard
class Kinect(object):
def __init__(self):
self._kinect = PyKinectRuntime.PyKinectRuntime(PyKinectV2.FrameSourceTypes_Color | PyKinectV2.FrameSourceTypes_Depth | PyKinectV2.FrameSourceTypes_Infrared)
self.color_frame = None
self.depth_frame = None
self.infrared_frame = None
self.w_color = 1920
self.h_color = 1080
self.w_depth = 512
self.h_depth = 424
self.csp_type = _ColorSpacePoint * np.int(self.w_color * self.h_color)
self.csp = ctypes.cast(self.csp_type(), ctypes.POINTER(_DepthSpacePoint))
self.color = None
self.depth = None
self.infrared = None
self.first_time = True
# Copying this image directly in python is not as efficient as getting another frame directly from C++
"""Get the latest color data"""
def get_the_last_color(self):
if self._kinect.has_new_color_frame():
# the obtained image data is 2d and needs to be converted to the desired format
frame = self._kinect.get_last_color_frame()
# return 4 channels, and one channel is not registered
gbra = frame.reshape([self._kinect.color_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.color_frame_desc.Width, 4])
# remove color image data, the default is that the mirror image needs to be flipped
color_frame = gbra[..., :3][:, ::-1, :]
return color_frame
"""Get the latest depth data"""
def get_the_last_depth(self):
if self._kinect.has_new_depth_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_depth_frame()
depth_frame_all = frame.reshape([self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Width])
self.depth_frame = depth_frame_all[:, ::-1]
return self.depth_frame
"""Get the latest infrared data"""
def get_the_last_infrared(self, Infrared_threshold = 16000):
if self._kinect.has_new_infrared_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_infrared_frame()
image_infrared_all = frame.reshape([self._kinect.infrared_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.infrared_frame_desc.Width])
# image_infrared_all[image_infrared_all > Infrared_threshold] = 0
# image_infrared_all = image_infrared_all / Infrared_threshold * 255
self.infrared_frame = image_infrared_all[:, ::-1]
return self.infrared_frame
"""Match the depth pixels into the color image"""
def map_depth_points_to_color_points(self, depth_points):
depth_points = [self.map_depth_point_to_color_point(x) for x in depth_points]
return depth_points
def map_depth_point_to_color_point(self, depth_point):
global valid
depth_point_to_color = copy.deepcopy(depth_point)
n = 0
while 1:
self.get_the_last_depth()
self.get_the_last_color()
color_point = self._kinect._mapper.MapDepthPointToColorSpace(_DepthSpacePoint(511 - depth_point_to_color[1], depth_point_to_color[0]), self.depth_frame[depth_point_to_color[0], 511 - depth_point_to_color[1]])
if math.isinf(float(color_point.y)):
n += 1
if n >= 10000:
color_point = [0, 0]
break
else:
color_point = [np.int0(color_point.y), 1920 - np.int0(color_point.x)] # image coordinates, human eye Angle
valid += 1
print('valid number：', valid)
break
return color_point
"""Map an array of color pixels into a depth image"""
def map_color_points_to_depth_points(self, color_points):
self.get_the_last_depth()
self.get_the_last_color()
self._kinect._mapper.MapColorFrameToDepthSpace(ctypes.c_uint(512 * 424), self._kinect._depth_frame_data, ctypes.c_uint(1920 * 1080), self.csp)
depth_points = [self.map_color_point_to_depth_point(x, True) for x in color_points]
return depth_points
def map_color_point_to_depth_point(self, color_point, if_call_flg=False):
n = 0
color_point_to_depth = copy.deepcopy(color_point)
color_point_to_depth[1] = 1920 - color_point_to_depth[1]
while 1:
self.get_the_last_depth()
self.get_the_last_color()
if not if_call_flg:
self._kinect._mapper.MapColorFrameToDepthSpace(ctypes.c_uint(512 * 424), self._kinect._depth_frame_data, ctypes.c_uint(1920 * 1080), self.csp)
if math.isinf(float(self.csp[color_point_to_depth[0] * 1920 + color_point_to_depth[1] - 1].y)) \
or np.isnan(self.csp[color_point_to_depth[0] * 1920 + color_point_to_depth[1] - 1].y):
n += 1
if n >= 10000:
print('Color mapping depth, invalid points')
depth_point = [0, 0]
break
else:
try:
depth_point = [np.int0(self.csp[color_point_to_depth[0] * 1920 + color_point_to_depth[1] - 1].y),
np.int0(self.csp[color_point_to_depth[0] * 1920 + color_point_to_depth[1] - 1].x)]
except OverflowError as e:
print('Color mapping depth, invalid points')
depth_point = [0, 0]
break
depth_point[1] = 512 - depth_point[1]
return depth_point
"""Get the latest color and depth images as well as infrared images"""
def get_the_data_of_color_depth_infrared_image(self):
time_s = time.time()
if self.first_time:
while 1:
n = 0
self.color = self.get_the_last_color()
n += 1
self.depth = self.get_the_last_depth()
n += 1
if self._kinect.has_new_infrared_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_infrared_frame()
image_infrared_all = frame.reshape([self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Width])
self.infrared = image_infrared_all[:, ::-1]
n += 1
t = time.time() - time_s
if n == 3:
self.first_time = False
break
elif t > 5:
print('No image data is obtained, please check that the Kinect2 connection is normal')
break
else:
if self._kinect.has_new_color_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_color_frame()
gbra = frame.reshape([self._kinect.color_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.color_frame_desc.Width, 4])
gbr = gbra[:, :, :3][:, ::-1, :]
self.color = gbr
if self._kinect.has_new_depth_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_depth_frame()
image_depth_all = frame.reshape([self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Width])
depth = image_depth_all[:, ::-1]
self.depth = depth
if self._kinect.has_new_infrared_frame():
frame = self._kinect.get_last_infrared_frame()
image_infrared_all = frame.reshape([self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Height, self._kinect.depth_frame_desc.Width])
self.infrared = image_infrared_all[:, ::-1]
return self.color, self.depth, self.infrared
if __name__ == '__main__':
i = 1
kinect = Kinect()
s = time.time()
while 1:
data = kinect.get_the_data_of_color_depth_infrared_image()
img = data[0]
mat_intri = np.load('./data/intrinsic_matrix.npy')
coff_dis = np.load('./data/distortion_cofficients.npy')
h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
newcameramtx, roi = cv.getOptimalNewCameraMatrix(mat_intri, coff_dis, (w, h), 1, (w, h))
dst = cv.undistort(img, mat_intri, coff_dis, None, newcameramtx)
dst = cv.cvtColor(dst, cv.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
plt.imshow(dst/255)
plt.show()
"""
# store the mapping matrix in an npy file
color_points = np.zeros((512 * 424, 2), dtype=np.int) # valid number: 207662
k = 0
for i in range(424):
for j in range(512):
color_points[k] = [i, j]
k += 1
depth_map_color = kinect.map_depth_points_to_color_points(color_points)
# turn to 0 that is not in the mapping range
depth_map_color[..., 0] = np.where(depth_map_color[..., 0] >= 1080, 0, depth_map_color[..., 0])
depth_map_color[..., 0] = np.where(depth_map_color[..., 0] < 0, 0, depth_map_color[..., 0])
depth_map_color[..., 1] = np.where(depth_map_color[..., 1] >= 1920, 0, depth_map_color[..., 1])
depth_map_color[..., 1] = np.where(depth_map_color[..., 1] < 0, 0, depth_map_color[..., 1])
# interpolated fill 0 values
zeros = np.array(list(set(np.where(depth_map_color == 0)[0])))
for zero in zeros:
if zero < 40 * 512 or zero > 360 * 512:
continue
j = 1
while depth_map_color[zero - j].any() == 0 or depth_map_color[zero + j].any() == 0:
j += 1
depth_map_color[zero][0] = (depth_map_color[zero - j][0] + depth_map_color[zero + j][0]) // 2
depth_map_color[zero][1] = (depth_map_color[zero - j][1] + depth_map_color[zero + j][1]) // 2
np.save('full_depth_map_color.npy', full_depth_map_color)
"""
depth_map_color = np.load('./data/full_depth_map_color.npy') # (424*512, 2)
full_depth_map_color = depth_map_color
map_color = dst[full_depth_map_color[..., 0], full_depth_map_color[..., 1]] # (424*512, 2)
map_color = map_color.reshape((424, 512, 3))
plt.imshow(map_color/255)
plt.show()
if keyboard.is_pressed('esc'):
break
- 彩色图去畸变。利用上文计算的相机参数对每一张彩色图去除畸变，同时保存去畸变后的彩色图。需要用到以下两个函数：
def dedistortion(mat_intri, coff_dis, img):
h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
newcameramtx, roi = cv2.getOptimalNewCameraMatrix(mat_intri, coff_dis, (w, h), 1, (w, h))
dst = cv2.undistort(img, mat_intri, coff_dis, None, newcameramtx)
return dst
def save_image(data, name, type, dir='test'):
global num
idx = str(num).zfill(6)
if dir == 'raw':
color_path = './data/' + name + '/color'
depth_path = './data/' + name + '/depth'
else:
color_path = "./test_data/" + name + '/color'
depth_path = "./test_data/" + name + '/depth'
if not os.path.exists(color_path):
os.makedirs(color_path)
if not os.path.exists(depth_path):
os.makedirs(depth_path)
if type == 'color':
cv2.imwrite(color_path + '/color-' + idx + '.png', data)
else:
cv2.imwrite(depth_path + '/depth-' + idx + '.png', data)
if dir == 'test':
num += 1
- 深度图彩色图对齐。kinect相机的颜色相机和深度传感器之间存在距离，导致深度图和颜色图像素不是一一对应，需要对齐，使用以下函数对齐color和depth，对齐后将图像中心裁剪为尺寸
(480, 360)。但是对齐后的颜色图可以会出现对齐错误（对齐npy文件存储在data包中，获取方式见kinect.py的main函数）。
def center_crop(img, crop_size):
tw, th = crop_size
h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
if len(img.shape) == 2:
crop_img = img[(h - th) // 2:(h + th) // 2, (w - tw) // 2:(w + tw) // 2]
else:
crop_img = img[(h - th) // 2:(h + th) // 2, (w - tw) // 2:(w + tw) // 2, :]
return crop_img
def match_color_depth(color, depth):
# crop+resize is worse
full_depth_map_color = np.load('data/full_depth_map_color.npy')
map_color = color[full_depth_map_color[..., 0], full_depth_map_color[..., 1]] # (424*512, 2)
map_color = map_color.reshape((424, 512, 3))
# 512 * 424
color = center_crop(map_color, (480, 360))
depth = center_crop(depth, (480, 360))
# plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
# plt.imshow(color)
# plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
# plt.imshow(depth)
# plt.show()
return color, depth
- 输出color视频。将校正后的color图像流输出为指定路径下的视频。
def trans_video(image_path, video_name, fps, res, type):
img_path = gb.glob(image_path + "/*.png")
videoWriter = cv2.VideoWriter(video_name, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'DIVX'), fps, res)
for path in img_path:
img = cv2.imread(path)
img = cv2.resize(img, res)
videoWriter.write(img)
print('transform ' + type + ' video done!')
def save_video(name):
currentdate = datetime.datetime.now()
file_name = str(currentdate.day) + "." + str(currentdate.month) + "." + str(currentdate.hour) + "." + str(currentdate.minute)
color_path = './data/' + name + '/color'
# depth_path = './data/' + name + '/depth'
video_path = './data/' + name + '/video'
if not os.path.exists(video_path):
os.makedirs(video_path)
trans_video(color_path, video_path + '/color-' + file_name + '.avi', 30, (1920, 1080), 'color')
# trans_video(depth_path, depth_path + '/depth-' + file_name + '.avi', 30, (512, 424), 'depth')
- 完整调用。调用以上程序的主程序如下：
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. shooting calibration images
get_chess_image()
# 2. camera calibration
mat_intri, coff_dis = camera_calibrator()
# mat_intri = np.load('./data/intrinsic_matrix.npy')
# coff_dis = np.load('./data/distortion_cofficients.npy')
# 3. capture object images to save h5 file
name = 'object'
file_name = capture_image(name)
f = h5py.File(file_name, 'r')
num = 0
for i in range(1, len(f.keys()), 2):
color = f[str(i)][:]
depth = f[str(i + 1)][:]
# 4. data process: dedistortion; match color and depth images; save color/depth images
dedistortion_color = dedistortion(mat_intri, coff_dis, color)
save_image(dedistortion_color, name, 'color', 'raw')
save_image(depth, name, 'depth', 'raw')
new_color, new_depth = match_color_depth(dedistortion_color, depth)
save_image(new_color, name, 'color', 'test')
save_image(new_depth, name, 'depth', 'test')
f.close()
print('image save done!')
# 5. convert to video
save_video(name)
作者：贪钱算法还我头发
