代码收藏家技术教程 2022-07-28

Pycharm 搭建 Django 项目（非常详细）

1. 安装需求

在使用 python 框架 Django 需要注意下面事项

Pycharm 版本是专业版而不是社区版本

Pycharm 配置好了 python 解释器（一般我们现在用的都是python3）

我自己使用的是 Pycharm 版本是2020.1.2

2. 准备工作

2.1 新建项目

首先我们打开 Pycharm 如下所示

可能有些小伙伴到这个界面怎么打开，你可以这样做，打开你的Pycharm编译器，然后点击左上角的 File -> Close Project

2.2 输入相关配置

按照下面我图中提示的做就行了，配置完成之后点击Create

2.3 项目创建完成

这是在安装Django 框架，等待一下即可

安装完成如下所示

2.4 查看安装 Django 版本

在 Pycharm 底部选择 Terminal 然后在里面输入：python -m django –version

(pytorch_gpu) D:\python-workspace\tutorial>python -m django –version
3.2

2.5 启动项目

在 Terminal 里面输入: python manage.py runserver

然后出现下面一个小错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 363, in execute
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "D:\Python\Anaconda\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "D:\python-workspace\tutorial\tutorial\settings.py", line 57, in <module>
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
NameError: name 'os' is not defined

解决方案

找到 seetings。py 文件，然后在settings.py文件头加上：import os

再次执行: python manage.py runserver

出现上面这个界面基本上Django项目就搭建好了。

2.6 解决一点小问题

在启动 Django 项目的时候我发现控制台出现了下面一点小提示

You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

这个问题的我也不是了解是啥原因直接给大家上解决方案。

解决方法: 先 Ctrl + C 结束服务,执行这个命令 python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

这样就大功告成了。