代码收藏家 Python 执行cmd命令的3种方法简单示例，并获取返回信息、执行命令结果（成功 or 失败）
Python 执行cmd
方法选择
| 方法 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| os.system(cmd) | os.system()无法获取控制台输出的内容，只是简单的执行cmd指令，返回命令退出状态，其中结果为0表示执行成功 |
| os.popen(cmd).read() | os.popen()可以获取控制台输出的内容，返回的是一个file对象 |
| commands.getouput(cmd) | python3.X 模块中废弃commands该模块，使用subprocess模块在本文下面增加解说 |
| subprocess.Popen(cmd) | 功能更高级，强大subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True,stdout=subpro） |
| subprocess.run() | Python 3.5中新增, 执行指定的命令，等待命令执行完成后返回一个包含执行结果的CompletedProcess类的实例。 |
| subprocess.call() | 执行指定的命令，返回命令执行状态，其功能类似于os.system(cmd) |
| subprocess.check_call() | Python 2.5中新增的函数。 执行指定的命令，如果执行成功则返回状态码，否则抛出异常。其功能等价于subprocess.run(…, check=True) |
| subprocess.check_output() | Python 2.7中新增的的函数。执行指定的命令，如果执行状态码为0则返回命令执行结果，否则抛出异常 |
| subprocess.getoutput(cmd) | 接收字符串格式的命令，执行命令并返回执行结果，其功能类似于os.popen(cmd).read()和commands.getoutput(cmd) |
| subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd) | 执行cmd命令，返回一个元组(命令执行状态, 命令执行结果输出)，其功能类似于commands.getstatusoutput() |
| 推荐： subprocess | 允许启动一个新进程，并连接到它们的输入/输出/错误管道，从而获取返回值 菜鸟教程|Python3 subprocess |
1、os.system
os.system(cmd), python中使用linux、cmd命令
1.1 示例 os.system(“ipconfig”)
import os
retValue = os.system("ipconfig")
print(retValue)
1.2 os.system(cmd) 返回值
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「Jenrey」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JENREY/article/details/109845487
如果执行成功，那么会返回0，表示命令执行成功
“OS error code 1: Operation not permitted”
“OS error code 2: No such file or directory”
“OS error code 3: No such process”
“OS error code 4: Interrupted system call”
“OS error code 5: Input/output error”
“OS error code 6: No such device or address”
“OS error code 7: Argument list too long”
“OS error code 8: Exec format error”
“OS error code 9: Bad file descriptor”
“OS error code 10: No child processes”
“OS error code 11: Resource temporarily unavailable”
“OS error code 12: Cannot allocate memory”
“OS error code 13: Permission denied”
“OS error code 14: Bad address”
“OS error code 15: Block device required”
“OS error code 16: Device or resource busy”
“OS error code 17: File exists”
“OS error code 18: Invalid cross-device link”
“OS error code 19: No such device”
“OS error code 20: Not a directory”
“OS error code 21: Is a directory”
“OS error code 22: Invalid argument”
“OS error code 23: Too many open files in system”
“OS error code 24: Too many open files”
“OS error code 25: Inappropriate ioctl for device”
“OS error code 26: Text file busy”
“OS error code 27: File too large”
“OS error code 28: No space left on device”
“OS error code 29: Illegal seek”
“OS error code 30: Read-only file system”
“OS error code 31: Too many links”
“OS error code 32: Broken pipe”
“OS error code 33: Numerical argument out of domain”
“OS error code 34: Numerical result out of range”
“OS error code 35: Resource deadlock avoided”
“OS error code 36: File name too long”
“OS error code 37: No locks available”
“OS error code 38: Function not implemented”
“OS error code 39: Directory not empty”
“OS error code 40: Too many levels of symbolic links”
“OS error code 42: No message of desired type”
“OS error code 43: Identifier removed”
“OS error code 44: Channel number out of range”
“OS error code 45: Level 2 not synchronized”
“OS error code 46: Level 3 halted”
“OS error code 47: Level 3 reset”
“OS error code 48: Link number out of range”
“OS error code 49: Protocol driver not attached”
“OS error code 50: No CSI structure available”
“OS error code 51: Level 2 halted”
“OS error code 52: Invalid exchange”
“OS error code 53: Invalid request descriptor”
“OS error code 54: Exchange full”
“OS error code 55: No anode”
“OS error code 56: Invalid request code”
“OS error code 57: Invalid slot”
“OS error code 59: Bad font file format”
“OS error code 60: Device not a stream”
“OS error code 61: No data available”
“OS error code 62: Timer expired”
“OS error code 63: Out of streams resources”
“OS error code 64: Machine is not on the network”
“OS error code 65: Package not installed”
“OS error code 66: Object is remote”
“OS error code 67: Link has been severed”
“OS error code 68: Advertise error”
“OS error code 69: Srmount error”
“OS error code 70: Communication error on send”
“OS error code 71: Protocol error”
“OS error code 72: Multihop attempted”
“OS error code 73: RFS specific error”
“OS error code 74: Bad message”
“OS error code 75: Value too large for defined data type”
“OS error code 76: Name not unique on network”
“OS error code 77: File descriptor in bad state”
“OS error code 78: Remote address changed”
“OS error code 79: Can not access a needed shared library”
“OS error code 80: Accessing a corrupted shared library”
“OS error code 81: .lib section in a.out corrupted”
“OS error code 82: Attempting to link in too many shared libraries”
“OS error code 83: Cannot exec a shared library directly”
“OS error code 84: Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character”
“OS error code 85: Interrupted system call should be restarted”
“OS error code 86: Streams pipe error”
“OS error code 87: Too many users”
“OS error code 88: Socket operation on non-socket”
“OS error code 89: Destination address required”
“OS error code 90: Message too long”
“OS error code 91: Protocol wrong type for socket”
“OS error code 92: Protocol not available”
“OS error code 93: Protocol not supported”
“OS error code 94: Socket type not supported”
“OS error code 95: Operation not supported”
“OS error code 96: Protocol family not supported”
“OS error code 97: Address family not supported by protocol”
“OS error code 98: Address already in use”
“OS error code 99: Cannot assign requested address”
“OS error code 100: Network is down”
“OS error code 101: Network is unreachable”
“OS error code 102: Network dropped connection on reset”
“OS error code 103: Software caused connection abort”
“OS error code 104: Connection reset by peer”
“OS error code 105: No buffer space available”
“OS error code 106: Transport endpoint is already connected”
“OS error code 107: Transport endpoint is not connected”
“OS error code 108: Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown”
“OS error code 109: Too many references: cannot splice”
“OS error code 110: Connection timed out”
“OS error code 111: Connection refused”
“OS error code 112: Host is down”
“OS error code 113: No route to host”
“OS error code 114: Operation already in progress”
“OS error code 115: Operation now in progress”
“OS error code 116: Stale NFS file handle”
“OS error code 117: Structure needs cleaning”
“OS error code 118: Not a XENIX named type file”
“OS error code 119: No XENIX semaphores available”
“OS error code 120: Is a named type file”
“OS error code 121: Remote I/O error”
“OS error code 122: Disk quota exceeded”
“OS error code 123: No medium found”
“OS error code 124: Wrong medium type”
“OS error code 125: Operation canceled”
“OS error code 126: Required key not available”
“OS error code 127: Key has expired”
“OS error code 128: Key has been revoked”
“OS error code 129: Key was rejected by service”
“OS error code 130: Owner died”
“OS error code 131: State not recoverable”
2、os.popen
2.1 示例 os.popen(‘ipconfig’,‘r’)
import os
# 'r' 消除转义符带来的影响,即'\'
retValue = os.popen('ipconfig','r')
res = result.read()
for line in res.splitlines():
print(line)
retValue.close()
3、subprocess
3.1 示例 subprocess.Popen
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen('ls -l', shell=True)
print(p.returncode)
p.wait()
print(p.returncode)
结果：returncode 成功0 失败1
subprocess内容比较多(当然也表示能是能干大事的！)，建议还是到上面表格的链接区学习吧，或者等我哪天学习到了subprocess，再来总结！
来源：CDamogu
