ERROR: Could not build wheels for mpi4py, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

近期新装了一台深度学习工作站，完成基本环境的配置。但是在Python多进程模块配置上遇到了以前也遇到过的问题，为了防止相似情况再次发生，特此记下。

问题描述：

执行以下命令：

pip install mpi4py

报错信息：

Collecting mpi4py==3.1.3
  Using cached mpi4py-3.1.3.tar.gz (2.5 MB)
  Installing build dependencies … done
  Getting requirements to build wheel … done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) … done
Building wheels for collected packages: mpi4py
  Building wheel for mpi4py (pyproject.toml) … error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

。。。。。。（此处省略N行，只显示最后报错的关键信息）

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mpi4py
Failed to build mpi4py
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mpi4py, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects 

解决方法：

在网上搜索了很多种解决途径，这里都列举一下，但是只有第二个方法对我电脑的情况有效。

方法一：更新pip

pip3 install --upgrade pip

方法二：安装mpi依赖库

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install libopenmpi-dev