单元测试与集成测试

Unit Test and Integration Test

Background

It is the first time that I try to write an article in English.

In the past, I didn’t write test code. Just thinking QA is responsible for testing.
As a developer, I don’t need to care about tests.
Although I know tests are essential, I can’t be aware of their importance.

After I joined my current team, it is required for developers to write tests.
So I have to write tests code.

After 8 months, I realize that tests are critical. I need to enforce my ability of testing.

therefore, I recently read a book Vladimir Khorikov - Unit Testing Principles Practices and Patterns.
Learned a lot of unit test and integration best practice and code design.

So I want to share some knowledge with you.

Test

There are two kinds of tests.

Test Coverage

Do we need a 100% test coverage?

No. We don’t.

For trivial code, we can ignore that. Because they aren’t worth it.
We should focus on our business logic.

If a metric shows that there’s too little coverage in your code base—say, only 10%—
that’s a good indication that you are not testing enough.

But the reverse isn’t true:
even 100% coverage isn’t a guarantee that you have a good-quality test suite. A test
suite that provides high coverage can still be of poor quality.

Unit Test

The goal of unit test is to enable sustainable project growth.

Just as all tests are not created equal, not all parts of your code base are worth the
same attention in terms of unit testing.

Unit test should test a unit of behavior rather than code.

The four pillars of a good unit test

Protection against regressions

The more features you develop, the more chances there are that you’ll break one of those features with a new release.

Sometimes We don’t awake that the new release will break one existing feature. Even with QA regression test, it also happens many times.

If we have a good automation test, can reduce these situations.

So good tests should protect against regressions.

To maximize the metric of protection against regressions, the test needs to aim at exercising as much code as possible.

Resistance to refactoring

Resistance to refactoring — the degree to which a test can sustain a refactoring of the underlying application code without turning red (failing).

This attribute can give us confidence to refactor.

How can we do?

We shouldn’t test the details of code. We should test the observable behavior.
Aim at the end result instead of implementation details

There is a example:

# we shouldn't care what's detail that we get from the data
test "get user by id" do
  assert "select * from users where id = 1" == User.get(1).to_sql
end

# we just need to verify the data
test "get user by id" do
  assert User.get(1).name == "Steven"
  assert User.get(1).id == 1
end

Fast feedback

Fast feedback brings a excellent experience.
Picture the situation, we run a test, it takes 1 minute to show you result.
I can’t stand it.

Our project has hundreds of thousands of code. Run slowly and waste my time to wait for result.

How to run faster?

With less communications of out of process.

Async and parallel execution.

Maintainability

Using plain English as test titles.

Simple phrases in plain English do a much better job: they are more expressive
and don’t box you in a rigid naming structure. With simple phrases, you can describe
the system behavior in a way that’s meaningful to a customer or a domain expert.

how to write code to easy test

Split business logic and out of process communications (side effects).

def check do
  if User.admin? do
    :error
  else
    :ok  
  end
end


def check_with_side_effect do
  if User.admin? do
    # side effect
    AuditLog.record()
    :error
  else
    :ok  
  end
end

With side effects, it is hard to compose code and hard to test.
Pure function is easiest to test.

Integration Test

Using integration tests to verify the behavior of the system as a whole.

Mock

Integration test verifies database, third-party api, mq and so on.

All out-of-process dependencies fall into two categories:

For those out-of-process dependencies, we should mock unmanaged dependencies.

Roles of Test

Test Pyramid

Recap

It simply summary Unit Testing.
Talk is cheap, we should write more code.