使用Python获取IOS设备拍摄的HEIC图片拍摄地址、坐标和位置，并利用Google Earth绘制XML文件

前言

出去旅游，用iphone拍了非常多的照片，心想这些照片都有位置信息和拍摄时间信息，那能不能用python制作一个程序，输入所有照片，然后读取这些信息，最后输出一个xml路径文件，打开在googleEarth看。虽然最近逐步奉行“不讨论意义主义”，但我觉得此举的意义，首先是折腾python的乐趣，其次对于超长途旅行路线，能够结合更为宏观的视角来回顾本次旅行，譬如我发现原来我拍摄的地方，是甘肃和新疆的接壤，原来重庆在兰州的正下方偏东，原来我这次横跨了三个阶梯等等，能够带来许多乐趣。

序

csdn是程序员为主的博客平台，所以本文也会聚焦于这个程序，这个程序的功能在前言中已经有所概述，并且功能将会更丰富。定位是google Earth的小插件吧。能够输入照片，输出googleEarth使用的xml路径文件。

设计蓝图

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输入

输出

多媒体mp4,jpg

程序

XML路径文件

Google Earth查看

主程序代码

主流程

参考文献：
How to extract GPS coordinates from Images in Python
How to extract GPS location from HEIC files?
一、获取单个HEIC文件的位置信息：
1.pillow库读取HEIC文件
2.获得照片拍摄的坐标，格式是Degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS)
e.g.

(11.0, 53.0, 7.42199999)

3.将(DMS)格式坐标转化为 Decimal degrees (DD)格式。
e.g.

(43.46715666666389, 11.885394999997223)

4.坐标纠偏
5.难点：如何获得HEIC文件的拍摄时间？
根据如下这篇文章《python exif不能找到heic的“date taken”也就是拍摄时间，但是在windows资源管理器下却是可见的》
Python EXIF can’t find HEIC file date taken, but it’s visible in other tools
采用了如下方法：

import exifread

with open(filename, 'rb') as image:
  exif = exifread.process_file(image)

但是报错，报错如下，并找到了解决方案也如下
exifread.process_file() throws “KeyError: ‘hdlr’” and “NoParser: hdlr Output is truncated.” for a HEIC image even though exifread can deal with HEIC
解决方案如原文：

This is just to share what I found on the net to fix this. Check HEIC processing error: hdlr on Apple Silicon #4.

Thus, you should downgrade to a version below 3.0.0:
也就是要将exifread降级到3以下，3以下最新的就是pip install exifread==2.3.2

然后不再报错

最终程序:

import simplekml
import exifread
import os
from PIL import Image
from pillow_heif import register_heif_opener
register_heif_opener()

list2 = [('1', 51.500152, -0.126236), ('2', 1.500152, -50.126236)]
img_path = r'F:\trippicProject\pic\IMG_4563.HEIC'
HEICpath = r'F:\trippicProject\pic'

# 该函数用于将pillow获取的gps tag(DMS格式)转化为Decimal degrees (DD)(x,y)的格式
# you will get the coordinates in Degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS). We will soon convert this format to Decimal degrees (DD) format.
def decimal_coords(coords, ref):
    decimal_degrees = float(coords[0]) + float(coords[1]) / 60 + float(coords[2]) / 3600
    if ref == 'S' or ref == 'W':
        decimal_degrees = -decimal_degrees
    return decimal_degrees


def get_heicGeoCoords(heicPath):
    image = Image.open(heicPath)
    image.verify()

    exif = image.getexif().get_ifd(0x8825)
    geo_tagging_info = {}
    if not exif:
        raise ValueError("No EXIF metadata found")
    else:
        gps_keys = ['GPSVersionID', 'GPSLatitudeRef', 'GPSLatitude', 'GPSLongitudeRef', 'GPSLongitude',
                    'GPSAltitudeRef', 'GPSAltitude', 'GPSTimeStamp', 'GPSSatellites', 'GPSStatus', 'GPSMeasureMode',
                    'GPSDOP', 'GPSSpeedRef', 'GPSSpeed', 'GPSTrackRef', 'GPSTrack', 'GPSImgDirectionRef',
                    'GPSImgDirection', 'GPSMapDatum', 'GPSDestLatitudeRef', 'GPSDestLatitude', 'GPSDestLongitudeRef',
                    'GPSDestLongitude', 'GPSDestBearingRef', 'GPSDestBearing', 'GPSDestDistanceRef', 'GPSDestDistance',
                    'GPSProcessingMethod', 'GPSAreaInformation', 'GPSDateStamp', 'GPSDifferential']

        for k, v in exif.items():
            try:
                geo_tagging_info[gps_keys[k]] = v
            except IndexError:
                pass
        coords = (decimal_coords(geo_tagging_info['GPSLatitude'], geo_tagging_info['GPSLatitudeRef']), decimal_coords(geo_tagging_info['GPSLongitude'], geo_tagging_info['GPSLongitudeRef']))
        return coords


def get_heicTime(heicPath):
    pic_data = exifread.process_file(open(heicPath, 'rb'))
    time = pic_data['Image DateTime']
    time_stamp = str(time)[2:4] + str(time)[5:7] + str(time)[8:10] + str(time)[11:13] + str(time)[14:16] + str(time)[17:19]
    return time_stamp


if __name__ == '__main__':

    imgs = os.listdir(r'F:\trippicProject\pic')

    dateDatas = []
    date2Details = {}
    for imgName in imgs:
        if imgName[-4:] == 'HEIC':
            try:
                img_path = HEICpath + '\\' + imgName

                thisTime = get_heicTime(img_path)
                thisCoords = get_heicGeoCoords(img_path)

                dateDatas.append(int(thisTime))
                date2Details[thisTime] = [thisCoords, imgName]
                print("Done=>"+imgName)
            except ValueError:
                print("No EXIF metadata found=>"+imgName)
    dateDatas.sort()


    kml = simplekml.Kml()
    lin = kml.newlinestring(name="trip")
    lin.extrude = 1
    lin.altitudemode = simplekml.AltitudeMode.clamptoground
    lin.style.linestyle.width = 5
    lin.style.linestyle.color = simplekml.Color.blue

    for date in dateDatas:
        coords = date2Details[str(date)][0]
        pnt = kml.newpoint(description='test', coords=[(coords[1], coords[0])])
        description = '<![CDATA[<img style="max-width:500px;" src="file:///F:/trippicProject/jpg/' + date2Details[str(date)][1][:-5] +'.jpg">]]>'
        pnt.description = description
        lin.coords.addcoordinates([(coords[1], coords[0])])
    kml.save("test.kml")