Java本机IP获取方法详解

在Java中获取本地IP地址有多种方式，以下是几种常见的方法：

1. 使用 `InetAddress` 类

InetAddress 类是Java标准库中用于表示IP地址的类，可以通过它获取本地主机的IP地址。

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println("Local IP Address: " + localHost.getHostAddress());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. 使用 `NetworkInterface` 类

NetworkInterface 类提供了更细粒度的网络接口信息，可以获取所有网络接口的IP地址。

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Enumeration<NetworkInterface> networkInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
            while (networkInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
                NetworkInterface networkInterface = networkInterfaces.nextElement();
                Enumeration<InetAddress> inetAddresses = networkInterface.getInetAddresses();
                while (inetAddresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                    InetAddress inetAddress = inetAddresses.nextElement();
                    if (!inetAddress.isLoopbackAddress() && inetAddress.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
                        System.out.println("Local IP Address: " + inetAddress.getHostAddress());
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 使用第三方库（如 `Apache Commons Net`）

如果你需要更复杂的功能，可以使用第三方库，如 Apache Commons Net。

import org.apache.commons.net.util.SubnetUtils;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println("Local IP Address: " + localHost.getHostAddress());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}